双语经验对执行控制功能脑机制的影响
The Influence of Bilingualism on the Brain Mechanism of the Executive Control
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2018.812216, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 李姝桦, 康春燕, 张兆祺, 郭桃梅：北京师范大学，认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室，北京；苑启明：东北师范大学，心理学院，吉林 长春
关键词: 双语经验；执行控制；大脑可塑性；Bilingualism； Executive Control； Brain Plasticity
摘要: 近年来，有大量研究考察了双语经验对个体执行控制功能脑机制的影响。为了总结已有的研究成果，本文从时间进程和空间位置两个方面分析、整理双语经验对大脑可塑性影响的发现。我们注意到，有关的事件相关电位研究不再局限于回答双语优势是否存在，而是关注双语者和单语者在不同的认知控制加工过程上可能存在的差异。已有的研究主要发现，双语者和单语者在N2和P3的波幅和潜伏期上都存在差异，说明双语经验影响了冲突监控、刺激分类以及认知资源分配等过程。有关的磁共振成像研究在脑区的灰质体积、白质完整性、任务态激活水平和脑网络连接等方面都发现了双语者与单语者在大脑的结构和功能上的差异，表明双语经验对个体的执行控制功能产生了影响。最后，本文对已有研究中存在的问题和未来研究方向进行了思考和展望。
Abstract: In recent years, a large number of studies have examined the impact of bilingualism on individual executive control function. We reviewed some recent studies that have examined the influence of bilingualism on the brain plasticity from aspects of time course and the spatial location. We noted that relevant event-related potential studies were no longer limited to answer whether bilingual advantage in cognitive control exists or not, but rather focused on the potential differences between bilinguals and monolingual counterparts in different cognitive control processes. Specifically, previous studies mainly found differences in the amplitude and latency of N2 and P3 component between bilinguals and monolinguals, indicating that bilingualism affected the processes of conflict monitoring, stimulus categorization and cognitive resource allocation. The relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed differences in brain structures (e.g., the gray matter volume and the white matter integrity) and functions (e.g., the activation in task state and network connection among brain regions) between bilinguals and monolinguals again suggesting that bilingualism did have an impact on individuals’ executive control function. Lastly, we put forward some open questions for future studies.
文章引用：李姝桦, 康春燕, 张兆祺, 苑启明, 郭桃梅 (2018). 双语经验对执行控制功能脑机制的影响. 心理学进展, 8(12), 1855-1867. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2018.812216

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