大学教学方式的新发展：化“教”为“学”

The New Development of College Teaching Methods: Transforming Education into Learning

摘要: “学”与“教”的问题是课程与教学中的一个根本问题。21世纪大学传统教学方式的延续与改革以现代信息社会的到来为一个节点，再度引发了“学”与“教”的探讨。长期以来，大学课堂存在学生的主动性、积极性和参与性不足的问题，进而引发对教学方法改革的思考。大学普遍使用的以“教”为主的讲授式教学方式弊端日显，难以适应现代教学的需求；而随着现代科学技术的进步，以多媒体为主的现代教学方式涌现并迅速充盈大学教学，将“学生中心”和“学”推向教学方式改革的焦点，出现了“学替代教”与“教替代学”的思想倾向。“教”与“学”是教学活动的基本关系，在学校教育中应是一个完整的整体，因而学校教学不能单纯地以“学”代替“教”。针对当前教学中存在的对学生的“学”不够重视的问题，教师要善于去化“教”为“学”，以达到提升教学质量和增强学生学习主动性的目的。

Abstract: The problem of “learning” and “teaching” is a fundamental problem in curriculum and teaching. The continuation and reform of the traditional teaching methods of the 21st century universities took the arrival of the modern information society as a node, and once again triggered the discussion of “learning” and “teaching”. For a long time, there have been students’ initiative, enthusiasm and participation in the university classroom, which has led to thinking about the reform of teaching methods. The teaching methods based on “teaching”, which are widely used in universities, have obvious drawbacks and are difficult to adapt to the needs of modern teaching. With the advancement of modern science and technology, multimedia-based modern teaching methods have emerged and rapidly filled college teaching. Pushing the “student center” and “study” to the focus of the reform of teaching methods, there has been a tendency to “study alternative teaching” and “teaching alternatives”. “Teaching” and “learning” are the basic relations of teaching activities. They should be a complete whole in school education. Therefore, school teaching cannot simply replace “teaching” with “learning”. In view of the problem that the current teaching has not paid enough attention to the students’ “learning”, teachers should be good at “teaching” as “learning” in order to improve the quality of teaching and enhance the initiative of students.