菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和底泥厌氧水平对重金属污染底泥间隙水性质的影响
Effects of Submerged Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. and Sediment Anaerobic Level on Porewater Properties of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment
DOI: 10.12677/HJSS.2019.71005, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 宋阳煜, 吴 娟, 成水平*：同济大学，长江水环境教育部重点实验室，上海
关键词: 沉水植物；底泥厌氧水平；理化性质；重金属释放；Submerged Macrophyte； Sediment Anaerobic Level； Physicochemical Property； Releasing of Heavy Metals
摘要: 有机物降解消耗溶解氧导致的厌氧环境会显著影响底泥间隙水理化性质和重金属的生物地球化学特征，从而改变重金属污染底泥的植物修复效果。本研究通过向底泥中投加不同量的蔗糖，模拟不同的底泥氧化还原环境，探讨底泥氧化还原环境和沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)对底泥间隙水理化性质和底泥金属元素释放的影响。结果表明，底泥厌氧处理显著降低了底泥氧化还原电位(ORP)和间隙水的pH，提高了间隙水中总有机碳(TOC)的浓度。底泥厌氧条件对不同金属活性的影响有很大差异。厌氧条件会显著增加底泥间隙水中Fe、Mn和Cr元素的浓度，其中对Fe和Mn的作用最为明显。重度厌氧条件下间隙水中Fe和Mn的平均浓度可达到为非厌氧对照组的15.4和4.0倍。在实验前期(0~56天)，厌氧环境抑制了底泥中Ni和Zn的释放，但试验后期影响不显著。从整个试验阶段来看，厌氧环境对底泥间隙水中Cu的影响不显著。沉水植物菹草虽能有效改善底泥厌氧环境，显著降低底泥间隙水TOC和Fe浓度，但对其它金属元素的影响是有限的。
Abstract: The anoxic condition in sediment resulted from exhaustion of oxygen by the decomposition of organic pollutants accumulated in the sediment notably affects porewater properties of the sediment, and the biogeochemical behaviors of metals, thereby alters the phytoremediation effect of the metal polluted sediment. With simulating different levels of sediment anoxia by adding different dose of sucrose into the sediment, we investigated the effects of redox condition and submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L. on the physicochemical parameters of porewater and releasing potential of metals in sediment. The results indicated that the sediment anoxic treatments reduced the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in sediment and the pH of porewater, conversely improved the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in porewater. The effects of sediment redox condition on the reactivity of metals are specific. Sediment anoxia increased the concentration of Fe, Mn and Cr in porewater, especially for Fe and Mn, which had a mean concentration in the sever sediment anoxic treatment as high as 15.4 and 4.0 times of that in the non-anoxia treatment. However, sediment anoxia showed somewhat inhibitive effect on the release of Ni and Zn during the initial phase of the experimental duration (0 - 56 days), which became negligible thereafter. The concentration of Cu in porewater was not affected by the redox condition of sediment. Although the Potamogeton crispus L. could significantly change the concentrations of TOC and Fe in the porewater, the effect on other metal elements was limited.
文章引用：宋阳煜, 吴娟, 成水平. 菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和底泥厌氧水平对重金属污染底泥间隙水性质的影响[J]. 土壤科学, 2019, 7(1): 33-43. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJSS.2019.71005

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