贵阳市大气环境容量核算研究

A Study on the Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Accounting in Guiyang

摘要: 本文利用贵州省气象局提供的2015年3月~2016年2月的地面观测资料，基于箱模型的宏观总量控制阀(A值法)对贵阳地区季节A值和贵阳市的四项污染物(SO₂、NO₂、PM10和PM2.5)季节环境容量进行核算研究。研究结果表明：1) 贵阳市春夏秋冬A值分别为0.75、0.61、0.64、0.59；SO₂、NO₂、PM10和PM2.5的年总大气环境容量分别为100.1、19.1、55.0和26.3 (10⁴ t•a⁻¹)。2) 各污染物季节大气环境容量，皆以夏季最大，冬季最小。而四项污染因子中，SO2的环境容量最大。3) 四种清除方式中，均以湿沉降为主要，干沉降和化学清除项所占比例最小。4) 各季节通风量和湿沉降时间分布不均匀是造成贵阳市各个季节大气环境容量差异的主要因素。

Abstract: Through the box model-based macro total control valve (“A” value method), this study analyzes the seasonal variations in “A” value and environmental capacity of the four pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, PM10 and PM2.5) in Guiyang city, using ground-based observation data from Mach 2015 to February 2016 provided by the Guizhou Meteorological Bureau. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Seasonal “A” values are 0.75, 0.61, 0.64 and 0.59 in Guiyang for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. In contrast, the annual total atmospheric environment capacity was 100.1, 19.1, 55.0 and 26.3 (10⁴ t•a−1 for SO₂, NO₂, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. 2) Seasonal atmospheric environmental capacity for all pollutant reached the maximum in summer and reached its minimum in winter. Among the four pollution factors, SO2 has the largest environmental capacity. 3) Among the four removal methods, wet deposition is the main one, while dry sedimentation and chemical removal accounted for the smallest proportion. 4) The uneven distribution of seasonal ventilation and wet deposition time is the main factor causing the difference of atmospheric environmental capacity in different seasons in Guiyang.