多倍体肿瘤巨细胞研究进展

Review of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells

摘要: 多倍体肿瘤巨细胞(PGCCs)是一种特殊类型的癌细胞亚群，常含有单个巨大的细胞核或多个细胞核，且细胞核通常不规则。与普通二倍体肿瘤细胞相比，PGCCs细胞周期、增殖方式、分化能力、形态、大小、染色体异常、致瘤性、抵抗放化疗等方面均不相同。过去常认为PGCCs处于有丝分裂的阻滞期并且处于细胞凋亡的边缘，是无法存活的，因此不被重视。但是最近研究发现，PGCCs不仅是可生存的，而且具备胚胎干细胞样特性，通过不对称分裂产生子代细胞，进行多向分化，且在肿瘤耐药、上皮间质转化和侵袭转移中发挥重要作用。本文就PGCCs近年来的研究进展进行综述，为临床治疗提供一种新的方向和思路。

Abstract: Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) is a special subgroup of cancer cells, often containing a single giant cell nucleus or multiple nuclei, and the nucleus is usually irregular. Compared with normal diploid cancer cells, PGCCs was different in cell cycle, proliferation pattern, differentiation ability, morphology, size, chromosomal abnormalities, tumorigenicity, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PGCCs has not been valued in the past, and it is generally considered that PGCCs is at the edge of mitosis and the edge of apoptosis, which is not divided, so it is considered to be unviable. However, recent studies have found that PGCCs is not only viable but also has embryonic stem cell like char-acteristics. It produces multiple differentiations through asymmetric division of the progeny cells, and plays an important role in chemoresistance, proliferation, epithelial transformation and inva-sion and metastasis. In this paper, the research progress of PGCCs in recent years is reviewed, providing a new direction and method for clinical treatment.