供需不确定环境下零售商订购资金有限的供应链协调

Supply Chain Coordination with Limited Order Funds for Retailer under Supply and Demand Uncertainty

摘要: 本文研究了一类供应和需求不确定的供应链的协调问题，其中，供应链由一个供应商和一个订购资金有限的零售商组成。研究表明：在信用支付条件下，零售商可以突破资金限制，增加订购量，从而提高供应链的利润，但不能使供应链协调；应用信用支付和收益共享契约，即使零售商仅使用有限的订购资金，仍然可以实现供应链协调。并且，与供应确定需求不确定的情形比较，协调时的批发价较高或收益共享比例较低。最后，通过数值例子验证了理论结果，并分析了供需波动对供应链决策和利润的影响。

Abstract: This paper studies the coordination of a supply chain with supply and demand uncertainty. The supply chain is consisting of a supplier and, a retailer who has limited order funds. The research shows that, under the condition of credit payment, the retailer can break through the restriction of funds and increase his order quantity, then supply chain profit is improved. But the supply chain cannot be coordinated. Applying credit payment with revenue sharing contract together, even if the retailer uses his limited order funds only, the coordination of the supply chain can be achieved. Moreover, compared with the case of supply certainty and demand uncertainty, the wholesale price is higher or the profit sharing ratio is lower during coordination. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical examples, and the influences of supply and demand fluctuation on supply chain decision and profit are also analyzed.