大肠息肉的危险因素与治疗研究进展

Advances in Risk Factors and Treatment of Colorectal Polyps

摘要: 大肠息肉是指结直肠黏膜表面突出的异常生长组织，临床表现多样化，可表现无症状，腹部不适、腹胀或大便习惯改变，人群中发病率高。不同的分类方法可将息肉分为不同类型，最常见的是根据病理类型分类，腺瘤性息肉最常见，也最易癌变。因此，早发现、早诊断、早治疗大肠息肉对于降低结直肠癌的发病率有重要的临床意义。大肠息肉的发病特点，男性多于女性，多位于左半结肠。疾病的发生与高脂血症、尿酸异常、肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、2型糖尿病等有关。目前，内镜下切除肠息肉已经成为首选的治疗方法，可根据自身条件选择不同的手术方法。

Abstract: Colorectal polyps are abnormal growth tissues that protrude from the surface of the colorectal mucosa. The clinical manifestations are diversified and can be asymptomatic, abdominal discomfort, abdominal distension or changes in bowel habits, and the incidence rate is high in the population. Different classification methods can classify polyps into different types. The most common one is classifying according to pathological types. Adenomatous polyps are the most common and most susceptible to cancer. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of colorectal polyps have important clinical significance for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer. The characteristics of colorectal polyps are more common in men than in women, mostly in the left colon. The occurrence of the disease is related to hyperlipidemia, uric acid abnormalities, obesity, smoking, drinking, type 2 diabetes, and the like. At present, endoscopic resection of intestinal polyps has become the preferred treatment, and different surgical methods can be selected according to their own conditions.