基于文献研究的河南省土壤重金属污染评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil of Henan Province Based on Bibliometrics

摘要: 为全面评价河南省农田重金属污染状况进而为种植业提质增效服务，本文收集了中国知网等数据库2007~2017年发表的河南省农田土壤重金属污染调查与评价文献，从中筛选了含有调查区域特征、调查点数量、质量分数平均值、测试方法等基本数据的文献，根据数据分布情况，最终选择了Cr、As、Ni、Hg、Pb、Cd等6个重金属元素进行评价。基于单个重金属元素污染以及评价单元(地级市)综合污染评价，选用了污染因子法(Contamination Factor, CF)、单因子指数法(Single Pollution Index, SPI)、修订的污染程度(Modified Contamination Degree, mCd)和污染负荷法(Pollution Load Index, PLI)四种评价方法。结果表明，17个评价单元(漯河市除外)中，应用污染因子法评价，Cr、As、Ni、Cd、Hg和Pb的质量分数平均值分别有3个、5个、3个、14个、11个和12个评价单元高于背景值；应用单因子指数评价，Cr、As、Pb、Hg整体处于无污染等级，Ni有1个评价单元处于轻微污染等级，Cd有4个评价单元处于轻度污染以上等级；应用修订的污染程度法及污染负荷指数法评价分别有4个和7个评价单元处于中等污染及其以上等级。研究还表明，河南土壤重金属存在富集现象；与一般农田相比，工业园区内及其周边农田的重金属含量较高，提高了评价单元的污染程度，具体应用时，应对农田进行分类评价。

Abstract: In order to comprehensively evaluate heavy metal pollution in farmland of Henan province and to improve product quality and increase economic benefits for planting industry, this thesis collected all survey bibliometrics about the heavy metal pollution of farmland in Henan province from  Chinese Literature Net, Weipu Net and so on, published from 2007 to 2017. Bibliometrics were select-ed again based on the standard of investigation data containing the soil sample number, the average of elemental concentration and test methods, finally, Cr, As, Ni, Hg, Pb, Cd elements were chosen to estimate pollution according to the data distribution in each evaluation unit (city). Four kinds of heavy metal contamination evaluation methods, contamination factor (CF), single pollution index (SPI), modified contamination degree (mCd) and pollution load index (PLI), were used by authors. The results showed that in seventeen evaluation units (except Luohe city) in Henan province, the average concentration of Cr in three evaluation units, As in five evaluation units and Ni in three evaluation units were slightly higher than each element background value using CF classification. The maximum value of Cr CF, As CF and Ni CF was orderly sorted 1.75 (Xinxiang), 1.42 (Jiaozuo), 3.51 (Jiyuan), the average concentration of Cd in fourteen evaluation units, Hg of eleven evaluation units and Pb of twelve evaluation units were higher than each element background value, the maximum value of Cd CF, Hg CF and Pb CF was orderly sorted 388.39 (Xinxiang), 13.70 (Jiyuan city), 11.74 (Luoyang). Using single factor index classification, Cr, As Hg and Pb can be categorized as no pollution degree in the all seventeen evaluation units, Ni of one evaluation unit can be categorized as very low pollution degree, Cd of four evaluation units can be categorized as low pollution to high pollution degree. Four evaluation units can be categorized as moderate degree pollution using modified contamination degree classification and seven evaluation units can be categorized as moderate degree pollution using pollution load index classification. Xinxiang, Jiyuan, Luoyang and Kaifeng can be categorized as moderate degree of contamination to ultra high degree of contamination with mCd and PLI. The study also showed that the heavy metals in the soil of Henan were enriched. The heavy metal contents in the industrial park and its surrounding farmland were higher than the general farmland, and the pollution degree of the evaluation unit was improved. In practice, the farmland should be classified and evaluated.