高寒地区典型湿地鱼类多样性研究及水环境评价——以七星河湿地为例

Study on Fish Diversity and Water Environment Assessment of Typical Wetland in High Latitude and Cold Region: A Case Study of Qixing River Wetland

摘要: 七星河湿地是典型高寒地区湿地，本研究于2017年5月、7月和9月对七星河湿地进行3次调查，对该区域鱼类群落结构进行研究，并采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和灰色关联分析法对该区域进行水质评价。结果表明：本次调查共采得鱼类样本10,446尾，隶属于4目6科11属14种，以耐低温、耐低氧的小型底层鱼类为主，优势种为葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glehni)、湖鱥(Phaxinus percnurus)和银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数整体偏低，这与该区域水位较低有关。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和灰色关联分析法对七星河湿地水质评价基本相符，呈中度污染。夏季水质劣于春季、秋季水质情况，这与夏季农业活动强度增大有关。农业生产活动对七星河湿地鱼类及水资源保护造成一定影响，对于该段区域的鱼类及水资源保护力度应适度予以加强。

Abstract: Qixing River Wetland is a typical wetland in high latitude and cold region. Based on 3 surveys conducted on Qixing River Wetland in May, July and September 2017, the fish community structure was studied, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and grey correlation analysis were used to analyze the water quality of the area. The results showed that 10,446 fish samples were collected, belonging to 4 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 14 species. The fish community was mainly based on low-temperature and low-oxygen-resistant small bottom fish. The dominant species were Perccottus glehni, Phaxinus percnurus and Carassius auratus gibelio. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was generally low, which was related to the lower water level in the region. The results of the water quality evaluation of Qixing River Wetland based on Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the grey correlation analysis were basically corresponded, showing moderate pollution. The water quality of Sumer was inferior to spring and autumn, which was related to the increase of summer agricultural activity intensity. The agricultural production activities had a certain impact on the fish and water resources in Qixing River Wetland. The protection of fish and water resources in this area should be moderately strengthened.