替代计量学的研究进展与应用

Altmetrics: Research Developments and Applications

摘要: 随着网络时代发展而产生的新型网络媒介(如微博和微信公众号等)，为学术成果的传播提供了更为便捷的渠道，其阅读量、转发量等数据亦能反映学术成果的社会影响力。在此背景下，仅凭传统的文献计量方法来衡量学术成果的影响力是不够全面的。美国信息学教授J. Priem于2010年提出了一种基于社交网络的学术成果评价计量方法Altmetrics，中文译作“替代计量学”。本文从三个方面介绍替代计量学的发展状况：首先，梳理替代计量学的发展历史，明确其定义及与传统计量学的区别；其次，回顾国内外相关研究，总结该领域研究存在的问题与挑战；最后，以altmetric.com为例，介绍替代计量学的实际应用情况。

Abstract: With the development of network era, networks as a new medium, such as Weibo and WeChat official account, provide a more convenient channel for the dissemination of academic achieve-ments. Meanwhile, the amounts of reading or sharing reflect the social influence of academic achievements. In this context, it is neither comprehensive nor precise enough to measure the in-fluence of academic achievements only by traditional bibliometric methods. In 2010, J. Priem, a professor of informatics from the United States, proposed a social-network-based measurement method for academic achievement evaluation, namely Altmetrics. This paper introduces the de-velopment of Altmetrics from three aspects. Firstly, we provide a history of establishment and development for Altmetrics, and discuss the difference between Altmetrics and traditional bibli-ometric methods. Secondly, we review the relevant research in domestic and foreign and sum-marize the problems and challenges in this field. Finally, we introduce the actual application of Altmetrics by taking the website of altmetric.com as an example.