需求依赖库存水平且零售商为库存风险厌恶的供应链协调

Supply Chain Coordination with Inventory Level Dependent Demand and Inventory Risk Averse Retailer

摘要: 本文研究一个供应商和一个零售商组成的供应链协调问题，其中，产品的需求是随机的，并且受库存水平的影响，即当库存水平较高时，需求增加，当库存水平较低时，需求减少。以剩余产品超过预定值的概率作为零售商的库存风险度量，分析了零售商的订购策略，探讨了用回馈和惩罚契约实现供应链协调的途径。研究表明：一定条件下，回馈与惩罚契约能够协调供应链。数值分析表明：随着需求弹性参数的增大，零售商的最优订购量和供应链的整体利润均增大。但是，随着库存风险厌恶程度的增大，最优订购量可能会减少，导致供应链的整体利润降低，供应链不协调。

Abstract: The coordination issue of supply chain composed of a supplier and a retailer is discussed, in which the demand of the product is stochastic and affected by the inventory level, that is, when the in-ventory level is high, the demand increases, and when the inventory level is low, the demand de-creases. Taking the probability of surplus products exceeding the predetermined valve as the re-tailer’s inventory risk measurement, the retailer’s ordering strategy is analyzed and the way to achieve supply chain coordination by the rebate and penalty contract is explored. The results show that the rebate and penalty contract can coordinate the supply chain with certain conditions. Numerical analysis shows that with the increase of demand elasticity parameter, the optimal order quantity and the supply chain overall profit increase. However, with the increase of inventory risk averse, the optimal order quantity may decrease, then the supply chain overall profit decreases and the supply chain fails to coordinate.