基于先前选择经验的注意偏向——一种自下而上的注意加工机制

Attentional Bias Based on Previous Selection Experience—A Bottom-Up Attention Processing Mechanism

摘要: 经典的注意理论将注意控制划分为自上而下和自下而上的注意加工。近年来，有研究者提出这种划分不足以解释所有的注意现象，尤其是关于启动和奖赏驱动注意的研究发现。相应地，学者们提出将基于启动和奖赏学习等先前经验产生的注意偏向统称为“选择历史”，并主张将其作为第三种注意控制方式来解决这个问题。当前新的注意控制理论的提出引发了研究者们广泛的争议。在考虑了基于选择历史的注意偏向的发生特点和对刺激凸显性概念的重新思考的基础上，本文提出选择历史的注意偏向应该属于自下而上的注意加工，并讨论了未来验证这种假设的研究展望。

Abstract: All classical theories of attentional control have described attentional selection as the result of the interaction between bottom-up and top-down control. Recently, some researchers have proposed that the above mentioned dichotomy of attention control is insufficient to explain all attention phenomena, especially the findings related to priming and reward-driven attention. Accordingly, scholars have proposed to call attention bias based on previous experiences such as priming and rewarding learning as “selection history” collectively, and proposed to treat it as the third category of attention control to solve this problem. The new attention control theory has aroused controversy among researchers. Considering the characteristics of attentional bias caused by selection history and rethinking the concept of stimulus salience, this paper proposed that the attention bias caused by selection history should belong to the bottom-up attention processing. Finally, we discussed the future research prospects for the confirmation of this viewpoint.