超声诊断对出生缺陷产前诊断的应用程度以及效果分析

Application of Ultrasound Diagnosis to Prenatal Diagnosis of Birth Defects and Its Effect Analysis

摘要: 目的：研究超声诊断在不同孕周的出生缺陷检出率。方法：选择2015年2月至2017年6月间在内蒙古医科大学附属医院分娩或引产的120例出生缺陷新生儿为研究对象，全部产妇均在本院接受产前筛查，并经过超声检查，检测产前诊断出生缺陷的检出率以及不同孕周出现出生缺陷和孕妇年龄的关系。结果：产前超声诊断出生缺陷的符合率为92.45%，孕20周的出生缺陷检出率最高52.24%，孕≥35周的出生缺陷检出率最低5.51%。年龄≥35岁的孕妇出生缺陷发生率显著高于年龄<35岁的孕妇，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：超声诊断能够早期发现出生缺陷的胎儿，但也存在漏诊的病例，临床应用上还应增强对超声检测技术的更新以及应用，以进一步提高出生缺陷产前检出率。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the detection rate of birth defects in different gestational weeks. Methods: A total of 120 neonates with birth defects who were delivered or induced labor in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from February 2015 to June 2017 were selected. All the women were screened in the hospital for prenatal screening and examined by ultrasound about the detection rate of prenatal diagnosis of birth defects and the relationship between birth defects and the age of pregnant women in different gestational weeks. Results: The coincidence rate of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of birth defects was 92.45%; the detection rate of birth defects was 52.24% at 20 weeks; and the detection rate of birth defects was 5.51% at ≥ 35 weeks. The incidence of birth defects in pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years was significantly higher than that in pregnant women < 35 years old (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound diagnosis can detect the birth defects of the fetus at an early stage, but there are cases of missed diagnosis. The clinical application should also enhance the update and application of ultrasonic detection technology to further improve the prenatal detection rate of birth defects.