马克思论伊壁鸠鲁的原子偏斜问题

Marx’s Discussion about the AtomicDeflection of Epicurus

摘要: 伊壁鸠鲁接受了前人德谟克利特的原子论学说并对其进行了发展和创新，提出了原子的偏斜运动。基于黑格尔及青年黑格尔派思想的影响，以及自身所具有的敏锐的哲学洞察力，马克思在其博士论文《德谟克利特的自然哲学和伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的差别》 (以下简称《博士论文》)中，对伊壁鸠鲁的原子偏斜运动重新做了条分缕析的论述，确立了原子偏斜运动与原子直线运动具有同样的“本原性”地位，明确了原子偏斜运动背后所蕴含的形式的规定，以及原子的概念中所包含的矛盾，揭示了原子偏斜最终指向的是对自我意识的强调。

Abstract: Epicurus accepted the atomism theory of Democritus and developed and innovated it. He put for-ward the deflection movement of atoms. Based on the influence of Hegel and young Hegelians' thoughts, along with his own keen philosophical insight, Marx re-elaborated Epicurus’ atomic de-flection movement in his doctoral dissertation “The Difference between Democritus’ Philosophy of Nature and Epicurus’ Philosophy of Nature” (hereinafter referred to as “Doctoral Dissertation”), and established that the atomic deflection movement has the same “primitive” status as the linear motion of atoms. It clarifies the formal rules behind the deflection of atoms and the contradictions contained in the concept of atoms. It reveals that the ultimate point of atomic deflection is to em-phasize self-consciousness.