基于区块链的食品溯源研究与应用

Research and Application of Food Traceability Based on Blockchain

摘要: 近年来，食品安全问题成为全社会关注的焦点，食品安全事件屡见不鲜，现在急需要一个真实可靠的机制来加强对食品安全的管理监督、提高食品安全水平、保证人们的食品健康。这两年区块链技术的快速发展使得其应用场景广泛适用于各行各业，其去中心化、自带信任、数据公开透明全程可追溯的特点可以应用于食品的溯源，区块链可以看作是一个分布式的账本，其分布式的存储结构可以确保信息的真实性与完整性，区块之间通过共识机制联系在一起，再结合密码学原理可以有效地防止信息在收集、流转过程中被恶意篡改。本文将构建基于区块链技术的溯源系统，其核心是三层架构，对食品的采摘、加工以及销售过程都可进行有效溯源。

Abstract: In recent years, food safety has become the focus of the whole society. Food safety incidents are not uncommon. Now there is an urgent need for a reliable mechanism to strengthen the management and supervision of food safety, improve food safety and ensure people’s food health. The rapid development of blockchain technology in the past two years has made its application scenarios widely used in all walks of life. Its decentralization, self-contained trust, data disclosure and transparent traceability can be applied to the traceability of food. Blockchain can be regarded as a distributed account book. Its distributed storage structure can ensure the authenticity and integrity of information. The blocks are connected through a consensus mechanism. In combination with cryptography, information can be effectively prevented from being maliciously tampered in the collecting and transferring process. Therefore, the blockchain technology can solve the pain points of the information centralization management and information asymmetry in the traditional food traceability. This paper will build a traceability system based on blockchain technology. The core of the system is a three-tier architecture, which can effectively trace the extraction, processing and sales process of food.