滴灌农田土壤养分变化分析

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Change in Drip Irrigation Farmland

摘要: 土壤全N全P全K有机质及土壤速效N、P、K是农田作物生长提供肥力的三要素，前者表征土壤基础养分后者表征可为作物有效吸收利用土壤有效养分，为了解滴灌作物生长农田水肥环境土壤全量及土壤速效养分变化、养分利用及其生产效果，基于滴灌12种作物(春麦、水稻、土豆、谷子、大豆、油菜、葵花、甜菜、打瓜、番茄、胡萝卜、苜蓿)农田144个定点取样形成的1008检测数据，采用灌区调查结合数理统计方法分析结果显示，95%置信区间土壤全N含量平稳，土壤全P、K和有机质含量变化明显，土壤速效N、P、K有类似变化特点，表明滴灌土壤N素吸收稳定，土壤P、K利用变化波动较大；随着滴灌单位用水量和产量呈非线性增加，土壤全量和土壤有效养分呈现由高降低变化，滴灌土壤全量养分下降42.6%~25.8%，土壤速效养分下降58.5%~34.8%，下降率明显大于土壤全量养分，体现了土壤速效性养分容易吸收特性；12种滴灌作物平均土壤速效养分耗用19.6%，其中：耗用11.2%~55.2%为产量较低滴灌作物(油菜、打瓜、葵花、黄豆、春麦、水稻、谷子)，耗用1.3%~5.5%是产量相对较高滴灌作物(蕃茄、胡萝卜、甜菜、土豆、苜蓿)，分析结果为滴灌农田土壤水肥气势生态环境友好调控提供参考。

Abstract: Soil total N, total P, total K organic matter and soil available N, P and K are the three elements that provide fertility for crop growth. The former characterizes soil basic nutrients and the latter can effectively absorb and utilize soil available nutrients for crops. In order to understand soil total amount, soil available nutrients change, nutrient utilization and production effect of drip irrigation crops, 12 crops (spring wheat, spring wheat, soil available nutrients, soil available nutrients) are based on drip irrigation. The 1008 test data of 144 fixed-point samples from paddy, potato, millet, soybean, rape, sunflower, beet, melon, tomato, carrot and alfalfa fields were collected. The results showed that the content of soil total N was stable in 95% confidence interval, and the content of soil total P, K and organic matter changed obviously. Soil available N, P and K had similar characteristics. The results showed that the N absorption of drip irrigation soil was stable, and the P and K utilization fluctuated greatly. With the non-linear increase of drip irrigation unit water consumption and yield, soil total and available nutrients decreased from high to low, soil total nu-trients decreased by 42.6% - 25.8%, soil available nutrients decreased by 58.5% - 34.8%, and the decline rate was significantly greater than that of soil total nutrients, reflecting the soil available nutrient capacity. The average soil available nutrient consumption of 12 drip irrigation crops was 19.6%. Among them, 11.2% - 55.2% was used as low yield drip irrigation crops (rape, melon, sun-flower, soybean, spring wheat, rice, millet), and 1.3% - 5.5% was used as drip irrigation crops (tomato, carrot, sugar beet, potato, alfalfa) with relatively high yield. The results showed that the soil water and fertility potential of drip irrigation farmland was friendly to the ecological envi-ronment. Good regulation and control can provide reference.