城市影响下的河流污染的空间分布特征——以宿州市沱河为例

Spatial Distribution of River Pollution Affected by Urban Activities—A Case Study of Tuohe River in Suzhou City

摘要: 本文以宿州市沱河水为研究对象，对40个样品中的NH₃-N和TP的含量进行了测试，并利用多种方法对其污染状况和空间特征进行了分析。结果表明，与国家地表水环境质量标准相比，从NH₃-N含量来看(与国家地表水质量相比)，有39个样品具有二类及更好水质，而从TP含量来看，40个样品都具有二类及更好水质。然而，NH₃-N和TP变异系数和正态检验p值表明沱河水可能受到了人为活动的影响。空间分布特征表明，具有高含量NH₃-N和TP的样品主要分布于下游区域，而空间自相关分析同样识别出沱河下游为污染的热点区域，表明该区域内人为活动的影响较大。这一结果在密度图的双峰式特征以及QQ图的非正态分布特征中得到了进一步的证实。

Abstract: In this paper, the surface water of Tuohe River in Suzhou has been taken as the research object. The concentrations of NH₃-N and TP in 40 samples were systematically measured, and then analyzed by a series of methods for getting the information about their pollution status and spatial distribution. The results show that 39 samples have water quality better than Class II with their NH₃-N contents compared with the national surface water environmental quality standard of China, whereas all of the samples have water quality better than Class II with their TP contents. However, the coefficients of variation and P values of normal distribution test of the NH₃-N and TP contents suggest that the Tuohe River might have been affected by human activities. The spatial distribution shows that the samples with high NH₃-N and TP contents are mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Tuohe River, while the spatial autocorrelation analysis also identified the lower reaches of the Tuohe River as a hot spot area of pollution, indicating that the area has been affected by human activities. Such results have also been supported by the bimodal characteristics of NH₃-N and TP density plots and the non-normal distribution characteristics of QQ plots.