孤独症儿童沟通能力的认知行为干预研究

Cognitive Behavior Intervention on Communication Ability of Autistic Children

摘要: 孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)又称自闭症，是一种以沟通交流障碍为核心症状的广泛性神经发育疾病。孤独症儿童的沟通障碍能够引发一系列的行为和情绪问题，并且如果问题得不到及时的解决，会造成ASD儿童的自我封闭，对外界刺激缺乏回应，甚至对环境交流有抵触，回避。因此，研究者开发了一系列以改善孤独症儿童沟通能力的认知行为干预方法来改善孤独症儿童的沟通问题。认知行为干预方法实质上是一种特殊的教育过程，是在心理学的科学原理和方法的基础上，根据认知疗法与行为学习理论，强调认知、行为和情绪关系的一系列训练活动。目前临床上广泛使用的训练干预方法主要有应用行为分析法、结构化教学法、图片交换沟通系统。本文对相关的研究进行梳理和总结，并对现有的认知行为干预方法提出新的研究方向。

Abstract: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), also known as autism, is a dispersive neurodevelopmental dis-order with communication disorders as its core symptoms. Communication disorders of autistic children can lead to a series of behavioral and emotional problems, and if the problems do not be solved in time, it will cause ASD, children's self-closure, lack of response to external stimuli, and even conflict with and avoid environmental communication. Therefore, researchers have developed a series of cognitive behavioral interventions to improve autistic children's communication ability. Cognitive behavior intervention is a special educational process in essence. It is a series of training activities which emphasize the relationship between cognition, behavior and emotion, which based on the scientific principles and methods of psychology and the theory of cognitive therapy and behavioral learning. At present, the widely used training intervention methods in clinic mainly include the application of behavioral analysis, structured teaching method and picture exchange and communication system. In this paper, the relevant research is summarized, and the existing cognitive behavior intervention methods are improved.