贫困山区留守儿童心理状态调研——以黔北正安县578例学生为例

Investigate and Survey on Mental State of the Left-Behind Children in Poverty Mountainous Area—Based on 578 Students of Zheng’an County, Northern of Guizhou Province

摘要: 调研主要涉及当地儿童的学习状态、情绪情感、行为特征、家庭生活等几个方面。问卷结果采用ANOVA分析统计方法，在比对了297份小学生和281分中学生有效问卷后发现，尽管该地区小学生在“行为能动性”量表上显示“母亲外出务工”留守儿童劣于“父亲外出务工”留守儿童(P < 0.05)，中学生则在“情绪不稳定状态”、“孤独倾向”量表上显示出“父亲外出务工”留守儿童优于“母亲外出务工”留守儿童(P < 0.05)，但从总体来看，中、小学生的双留守儿童与非留守儿童之间在以上几个方面都不存在统计学意义(P > 0.05)。调研结果还显示出该地区留守儿童诸多的积极特征。比如他们在家庭中需要担负更多的责任，使得这个群体的自理能力普遍都非常强。该地区的儿童显示出诸多优秀的心理韧性相关品质：较好的责任感，攻击性不强，具有较强的人际适应性等。

Abstract: The main contents of the research include the learning state, emotion, behavior and family life of the local children. The questionnaire results were analyzed by ANOVA. After comparing 297 primary and 281 secondary school students’ valid questionnaires, it was found that although there is a significant difference between “father immigrant children” & “mother immigrant children” (P < 0.05) on the “active behavior” Sub-Scales of primary school students and “emotional state” and “loneliness tendency” Sub-Scale of middle school students, there is no significant difference between full left-behind children & non-left-behind children in above aspects (P > 0.05). The results also reveal more positive aspects of the left behind children in this area. Their self-care ability is very strong because they need to take more responsibility in the family. They showed much excellent resilience quality like good sense of responsibility, weak aggressiveness and good interpersonal skills and so on.