哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖动物多样性与水质生物评价
Biodiversity of Benthic Maroinvertebrates and Bioassessment for Water Quality in Sun Island Bund Wetlands
DOI: 10.12677/AEP.2019.92026, PDF,  被引量    国家科技经费支持
作者: 曹晶晶, 孟 瑶, 刘曼红*, 于洪贤：东北林业大学野生动物资源学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；蔡 艳：湖南普拉特泽生物科技有限公司，湖南 长沙；柴方营：黑龙江省水利厅，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 太阳岛外滩湿地；大型底栖动物；栖境；生物多样性；水质评价；Sun Island Band Wetland； Benthic Macroinvertebrates； Habitats； Biodiversity； Water Quality Evaluation
摘要: 2016年在太阳岛外滩湿地对大型底栖动物进行了调查，分析了物种的水平分布特征，根据大型底栖动物群落与栖境的关系，研究了不同栖境下4种生物多样性，利用生物学污染指数(BPI)和Chandler生物指数(CBI)对该湿地水体污染状况进行了评价，结果表明水质呈现轻度污染向清洁过渡的阶段。研究结果表明，共发现大型底栖动物26科64种，水生昆虫种类最多，为38种，其次为软体动物17种，环节动物6种，甲壳动物只发现3种。各样点物种密度在52~923 ind/m2之间，荷香泽和映天池为物种分布的热点区域。基于对不同栖境类型4种生物多样性指数的比较分析，发现底质类型不同，生物多样性也不同，其中泥–沙类型(M-S)的Simpson多样性指数(d)最大为10.04，Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)分别为2.51和2.56，这三种生物多样性指数差异都不显著(P > 0.05)。只有Pielou均匀度指数(J’)为0.91 ± 0.02，并且在不同的底质类型中表现差异显著(P < 0.05)。太阳岛外滩湿地水流类型分为流水、季节性流水和静水三种类型，季节性流水(SL) d最大为10.76，而流水水体(OL)最小为2.00。生境最为复杂的沉水–浮水–挺水植物群落(S-F-E)，d最大为7.96，D和H’也最大，分别为1.54和2.20。
Abstract: Survey was conducted in Sun Island Band Wetland in 2016 about benthic macroinvertebrates, having analyzed the horizontal distribution characteristics of species, according to the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrates and the habitats, studied 4 biodiversities of different habitats, using Biological Contamination Index (BPI) and Chandler Biological Indice (CBI) to evaluate the water pollution status for the wetlands. The results showed that the water quality showed a transition from mild pollution to clean. A total of 64 species of benthic macroinvertebrates, which belonged to 26 families were collected, 38 species of aquatic insects, 17 species of molluscs, 6 species of annelids and only 3 species of crustaceans. The species density of various points was between 52 ind/m2 to 923 ind/m2, the Hexiangze and the Yingtianchi were the hot area of species distribution. Based on the comparison of 4 biodiversity Indices in different habitats, it turned out that different sediments have different biological diversity, the maximum Simpson diversity index (d) is 10.04 in the Mud-sand (M-S) type, and the Margalef index (D) and the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) were 2.51 and 2.56. There was no significant difference among them (P > 0.05). Only the Pielou index (J’) was 0.91 ± 0.02, and it showed significant difference among different sediments (P < 0.05). There are 3 kinds of water flowing in Sun Island Band Wetland: open lotic, seasonal lotic and closed lentic. The maximum of seasonal lotic (d) was 10.76, and the minimum of open lotic (d) was 2.00. The most complex Submergent-flouting-emergent plant community (S-F-E), d was 7.96, the largest, D and H’ were 1.54 and 2.20 respectively, the largest as well.
文章引用：曹晶晶, 蔡艳, 孟瑶, 柴方营, 刘曼红, 于洪贤. 哈尔滨太阳岛外滩湿地大型底栖动物多样性与水质生物评价[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2019, 9(2): 170-178. https://doi.org/10.12677/AEP.2019.92026

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