泰湖湿地夏季浮游动物功能群结构及其环境影响因子

Structure and Environmental Impact Factors of Summer Zooplankton Functional Groups in Taihu Wetland

摘要: 为了研究浮游动物在北方寒冷地区湿地生态系统中的功能以及水环境等因素的影响，根据浮游动物的大小、摄食习性等因素将淡水浮游动物划分为各个功能群，以北方沼泽型湿地泰湖国家湿地公园为例，于2018年夏季(8月)对泰湖国家湿地公园设置11个采样点，进行了浮游动物采样，深入研究了该区浮游动物功能群的分布和结构特征。结果表明，泰湖国家湿地公园夏季浮游动物共划分为7个功能群：RF、PF、SCF、MCF、LCF、MCC和LCC，其中以功能群RF占优势。通过Pearson相关分析和RDA多元统计分析，结果表明，浮游动物功能群间的相互作用是影响泰湖国家湿地公园浮游动物功能群的主要因素，部分水环境因子也产生一定影响。由于存在食物竞争和捕食关系，SCF、LCF、MCF、MCC和LCC功能群具有较显著的相关性，RF和PF功能群无明显相关性。pH和NO₃⁻-N同各浮游动物功能群呈正相关，TN和COD_Cr同各浮游动物功能群呈负相关，其它水环境因子同浮游动物功能群不具有明显相关性。种间竞争和浮游植物上行效应是影响寒冷地区沼泽型湿地浮游动物功能群结构和生物量的主要因素。

Abstract: We classified the zooplankton functional groups in a freshwater ecosystem, the Taihu national wetland park, to determine the structure of zooplankton function group and the influence of water environment factors. In the summer of 2018 (August), zooplankton sampling was carried out at 11 sampling sites to systematically analyze the composition characteristics of functional groups of zooplankton. The results show that: The zooplankton functional groups in Taihu national wetland park are divided into 7 functional groups: RF, PF, SCF, MCF, LCF, MCC and LCC. Among them, the functional group RF dominates. Pearson correlation analysis and RDA multivariate statistical analysis showed that: Interaction of zooplankton functional groups and water environmental factors are the main factors affecting zooplankton functional groups in Taihu national wetland park. Due to food competition and predation, SCF, LCF, MCF, MCC and LCC functional groups have significant correlation, while RF and PF functional groups have no significant correlation. PH and NO₃⁻-N were positively correlated with functional groups of zooplankton, TN and CODCr were negatively correlated with functional groups of zooplankton. There was no significant correlation between other water environmental factors and zooplankton functional groups. Interspecific competition and upward effect of phytoplankton are the main factors affecting the structure and biomass of phytoplankton functional groups in marsh wetland in cold region.