不同林型对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

Effects of Different Forest Types on Meso-Micro Soil Faunal Diversity

摘要: 不同林型由于植被，土壤等环境因子的差异会影响土壤动物的群落结构。在吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区，选取蒙古栎林、杂木林、红松人工林、长白落叶松人工林四个典型生境，研究不同林型对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响。结果表明：本研究共获取中小型土壤动物630个，隶属于6纲12目16科。阔叶林土壤动物个体数明显多于针叶林，在种类上阔叶林也略多。节跳虫科和甲螨亚目是四个生境共同优势类群。单因素方差分析表明，7月份红松人工林节跳科个体密度显著高于蒙古栎林(P < 0.05)。10月份杂木林节跳科个体密度显著高于红松人工林(P < 0.05)。主成分分析表明不同林型对土壤动物优势类群和常见类群影响较大。典范对应分析表明土壤相对湿度和土壤腐殖质是影响不同林型土壤动物群落多样性的主要土壤因子。不同林型对土壤动物多样性的影响要考虑土壤和植被等因素的综合作用。

Abstract: Vegetation, soil and other environmental factors of different forest types affect the soil faunal di-versity in surrounding soil. In the present study, an investigation about the composition and di-versity of the soil meso-micro fauna and its relationship with soil factors was conducted in Longwan National Nature Reserve. Sampling sites were conducted in Quercus mongolica forest, miscellaneous wood forest, Pinus koraiensis plantations and Larix olgensisi plantations in May, July and October 2018. A total of 630 individuals belong to 6 classes, 12 orders, 16 families. Quercus mongolica forest, miscellaneous wood forest had a higher abundance and richness of soil meso-micro fauna, when compared with Pinus koraiensis plantations and Larix olgensisi plantations. Isotomidae and Oribatida were the dominant groups in all forest types. A significantly higher abundance of Isotomidae was evident in Pinus koraiensis plantations than Quercus mongolica forest at months 7 of the experiment (P < 0.05). Miscellaneous wood forest showed significantly higher abundance of Isotomidae than Pinus koraiensis plantations at months 10 of the experiment (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis results showed the effect of different forest types on dominant and common groups of soil meso-micro fauna. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that soil meso-micro faunal diversity was significantly correlated with soil relative humidity and soil humus in different forest types. Effects of different forest types on meso-micro soil faunal diversity need to consider soil and vegetation factors, as well as by the interactions.