杨梅枯枝病预防集成技术研究

Study on Integrated Prevention Technology of Twig Dieback Disease on Chinese Barberry

摘要: 杨梅枯枝病难以根治。本研究以7个示范基地连续3年的试验示范为依据，采用自主发明专利与农艺技术的集成创新，达到点上可防可控，面上防治成效明显的预期效果。操作上分前期诊断防治、中期集中综合治理、后期控制挂果量重在恢复生长的3个步骤。前期诊断主要开展营养诊断、病征诊断鉴定、防治方案制订与实施；中期重点进行系列防治，注意适期用药与药物交替、营养对症补给的量化把握；后期则重点把握营养生长为先，生殖生长为辅的原则，对不能适量挂果的树势要求无果生长。对于逐渐恢复的植株，从整枝修剪着手提早控制花量，花期重在物理去花，幼果期提早一次性疏果到位。利用自主研究的专利技术在点上、面上枯枝病治理有效率90%以上。各试验示范点，经3年防治后轻度发病树恢复正常生长的占79%以上、中度的占36%以上、重度的占3.6%以上，效果显著于常规防治技术。

Abstract: Twig dieback disease on Chinese bayberry is difficult to cure. Being based on 3 consecutive years of experimental demonstration in 7 demonstration bases, this study adopted the integrated innovation of independent invention patent and agronomic technology to prevent twig dieback disease. There were 3 steps: the early stage was diagnosis and prevention; the middle stage was comprehensive control; and the last stage was production control. In detail, the diagnoses of early stage were nutrition diagnosis, symptom diagnosis and formulation and implication of the prevention scheme. In the middle stage, it was focused on series control. In this stage, it would pay attention to use the pesticide timely and proper quantity. In the last stage, the principle of vegetative growth and reproductive growth should be emphasized. For weak trees, it should not be fruit. And for the recovering trees, the flowering amount should be controlled by pruning. It was important to do the blossom and fruit thinning during the flowering and young fruit period. The result showed that it was 90% effective to cure twig dieback disease by using the independent invention patent. After 3 years’ experiment, the recovering rate of trees with mild disease was 79%, and the trees with middle and severe disease were 36% and 3.6%, respectively. Taken together, we could see that the in-dependent invention patent was significantly more effective on twig dieback disease than those conventional methods.