道德分歧及其解决方法——论斯蒂文森的道德分歧学说

Moral Disagreement and Its Solution—On Stevenson’s Theory of Moral Disagreement

摘要: 道德分歧是当代西方伦理学的核心问题之一，是否能够正确地认识和解决道德分歧成为了一种伦理学理论能否成立的一个根据。斯蒂文森区分了信念分歧和态度分歧，认为态度分歧表达了道德分歧的本性；解决道德分歧的道德论证方法既可以是理性的，也可以是非理性的，但只有非理性的方法才更能体现伦理方法的特色。斯蒂文森的道德分歧学说并没有使情感主义伦理学摆脱其固有困境，表现了典型的非理性主义倾向。

Abstract: Moral disagreement is one of the essential questions in contemporary western ethics. Whether moral disagreement can be recognized and resoled properly is a reason that the ethics can or cannot be tenable. Stevenson who has distinguished disagreement in attitude from disagreement in belief thought the former expresses the nature of moral disagreement. The method of moral argumentation is rational as well as non-rational, but only the latter can more embody the feature of moral method. Stevenson’s theory of moral disagreement does not make the emotionalist ethics break away from its inherent plight and expresses typical non-rational tendency.