护士职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Status and Influencing Factors of Occupational Burnout of Nurses

摘要: 目的：了解护士的职业倦怠现状及影响因素，以寻找帮助护理人员减轻职业倦怠的方法，为稳定护理队伍提供理论依据。方法：采用中国护士职业倦怠量表及中国护士工作压力源量表，对青岛市1189名护士进行调查，统计学分析采用SPSS 17.0软件。结果：职业倦怠在不同程度上与工作压力源呈显著相关：职业倦怠与工作环境高度相关(r = 0.796, P < 0.01)，职业倦怠与工作量及时间分配问题、管理及人际关系方面的问题相关等中度相关(r = 0.610, 0.622, P < 0.01)。夜班个数多、高职称是职业倦怠的危险因素，在儿科工作是保护因素，logistics回归分析结果分别为夜班个数(β = 1.367, P = 0.000)，职称高(β = 1.318, P = 0.001)，在成人科室工作(β = 1.539, P = 0.012)。结论：护士存在职业倦怠，应引起重视，创造磁性医院，提高护士与床位比，降低护士的工作强度。应该合理排班，改进夜班排班制度，对护士进行分层级管理，降低护士的职业倦怠水平。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the status and influencing factors of job burnout of nurses, for finding ways to help nurses to reduce job burnout, and providing a theoretical basis for stabilizing nursing team. Methods: A total of 1189 nurses in Qingdao were investigated by the Chinese nurse burnout scale and the Chinese nurse job stressor scale. SPSS17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Burnout was significantly correlated with job stressors: Common source of pressure in working environment was highly related to burnout total scores (r = 0.796, P < 0.01); the problem of workload and time distribution (r = 0.610, P < 0.01), and management and interpersonal issues (r = 0.622, P < 0.01) were moderately related to burnout total scores. In addition, number of night shifts and high title are the risk factors for job burnout; night shift number (β = 1.367, P = 0.000), job title (β = 1.318, P = 0.001) and work area in adult nursing (β = 1.539, P = 0.012) also influenced nurses' job burnout. Conclusion: Nurses’ burnout is related to stressors, so that we should strengthen social support, improve the ratio of nurses’ beds, reduce their work intensity, arrange reasonable shifts, reform night shift scheduling system, and carry out hierarchical management for nurses, to reduce the level of burnout of nurses.