地铁施工危险源辨识研究——以宁波地铁三号线为例

Hazard Identification in Metro Construction—Case Study of Ningbo Metro Line 3

摘要: 宁波计划于2021年前开通5条地铁，将进入大地铁时代。但宁波作为沿海城市，其特殊的软土地质加上高地下水位，也给地铁的建设带来各种安全隐患。因此，通过辨识危险源来减少施工危险事故的发生就变得尤为重要。本研究通过整理和完善已有研究成果，形成适用于宁波地区的地铁施工危险源辨识库。从宁波地铁三号线着手，通过分析其先天条件、施工工艺以及相关安全管理架构等，初步形成施工危险源检查表。再通过与宁波地铁三号线施工方、监理方等有多年管理经验的专家讨论议定该项目相对重要的几项施工危险源。最后引入LEC评价法和风险接受准则，对于施工危险源进行半定量的打分，从而辨识出项目的重大危险源。通过本研究方法，可以针对不同的施工项目确定其存在的危害程度大的危险源，从而在开工前采取相应的预防管控措施，来减少工程事故的发生。

Abstract: Ningbo plans to operate five metro lines in 2021, hence entering the era of Big Metro. However, as a coastal city, Ningbo's special soft soil feature plus the high groundwater level bring various safety hazards to the construction of the metro system. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the occurrence of construction hazards by identifying sources of danger. This study compiles and improves the existing research results to form a dangerous source identification library for metro construction in Ningbo. Starting from Ningbo Metro Line 3, through the analysis of its innate conditions, construction technology and related safety management structure, a construction hazard source checklist was initially formed. Then, experts are interviewed such as the construction and supervision parties of Ningbo Metro Line 3; several construction hazards relatively important for the project were discussed. Finally, the LEC evaluation method and risk acceptance criteria were introduced to semi-quantitatively identify the construction hazard sources to identify major hazards of the project. Through this research method, it is possible to determine the hazard source with a large degree of hazard for different construction projects, in order to take corresponding preventive management and control measures before the start of construction to reduce the occurrence of engineering accidents.