响应面法优化超临界CO₂流体萃取厚朴种子油

Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Oil from Magnolia officinalis Seeds with Response Surface Methodology

摘要: 厚朴是我国传统大宗药材，也为国家二级保护植物。本文应用超临界CO₂流体萃取技术，研究了萃取压力、萃取温度及萃取时间3个因素对厚朴种子得油率的影响，经过单因素试验及响应面优化分析、验证，确定了超临界CO2流体萃取厚朴种子油的最佳工艺条件：萃取压力34 MPa，萃取温度41℃，萃取时间130 min，在此条件下厚朴种子得油率为21.825%。同时，对厚朴和凹叶厚朴在此最优条件下得到的种子油对其理化性质进行检测，两种种子油分别是：比重0.862 g/mg和0.893 g/mg；酸值53.973 mg/g和61.306 mg/g；碘值100.813 g/100g和102.226 g/100g；皂化值186.944 mg KOH/g和193.463 mg KOH/g；过氧化值0.030 mmol/kg和0.140 mmol/kg；水分及挥发物0.0701%和0.0698%。两种种子油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，油脂澄清透明，具有较好的应用前景。

Abstract: Mangnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and a national secondary pro-tected plant. In this paper, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technique was used to study the ef-fects of extraction pressure, extraction temperature and extraction time on the oil yield of M. officinalis seed oil. After single factor test and response surface optimization analysis and verification, the optimum conditions for the supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction M. officinalis seed oil were determined: extraction pressure 34 MPa, extraction temperature 41˚C, extraction time 130 min. Under these conditions, the seed oil yield of M. officinalis was 21.825%. At the same time, the seed oils obtained from M. officinalis and M. officinalis subsp. biloba under the optimal conditions, and the physicochemical properties of the two seed oils were tested: specific gravity 0.862 g/mg and 0.893 g/mg; acid value 53.973 mg/g and 61.306 mg/g; iodine value 100.813 g/100g and 102.226 g/100g; saponification value 186.944 mg KOH/g and 193.463 mg KOH/g; peroxide value 0.030 mmol/kg and 0.140 mmol/kg; moisture and volatiles 0.0701% and 0.0698%. The two seed oils have higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, and the oil is clear and transparent, which has a good application prospect.