水体富营养化生态分析与“活水”生态治理的研究

Eco-Analysis of Eutrophication of Water Body and Study on Ecological Control of “Living Water”

摘要: 水体富营养化是世界性最具挑战性的环境问题之一。为了解决水体富营养化治理问题，文中对水体富营养化形成原因进行了生态分析，对水体富营养化由轻度、中度富营养化的高生产力，向重度、极度富营养化致使生态系统崩溃而发生黑臭的生态过程进行深刻阐述，总结了水体富营养化具有的藻类过度繁殖、水体缺氧和污泥沉积等三个特征。从古代文献和“活水”水产养殖实践中得到启发，认为富营养化污染与高产水产养殖水质极其相似，完全可以借用水产养殖通过培养“活水”、消除“氧债”的方法，治理水体富营养化。并提出了修复以好氧有益菌为核心的水体生态系统，打造多向循环流动的“活水”状态和全方位、全时段供给充足的溶解氧等“活水”生态治理富营养化水体的完整思路。并指出，采用活水机(也称耕水机)或增氧活水机，造就水体全方位、全水段和全天候微速循环流动状态，并辅以夜晚、阴雨天增氧和投放有益微生物，建立健康“活水”生态系统，是实现对富营养水体的可持续治理方法。

Abstract: Water eutrophication is one of the most challenging environmental problems in the world. In order to solve the problem of water eutrophication control, this paper makes an ecological analysis of the causes of water eutrophication, and expounds the ecological process of water eutrophication, from mild and moderate eutrophication with high primary productivity to severe and extreme eutrophication, resulting in the collapse of ecosystem and the formation of black and odorous water. Three characteristics of eutrophication are summarized: algae overgrowth, water quality anoxia and sludge deposition. Enlightened by ancient literature and aquaculture practice, it is considered that eutrophication pollution is very similar to high-yield aquaculture water quality. It is possible to cultivate “live water” through aquaculture, eliminate “oxygen debt” and control eutrophication. With aerobic probiotics as the core, the aquatic ecosystem can be restored; the multi-directional circulating “flowing water” state can be created; sufficient dissolved oxygen can be provided in all-round and all-weather way; and the ecological control of eutrophic water body can be realized. It is pointed out that the sustainable management of eutrophic water body is to use tap water production machinery (also known as water tillage machinery) or tap water and oxygen-enriched water production machinery, supplemented by night oxygen enrichment and rain day oxygen enrichment, to create an all-round and all-weather micro-circulation flow state of water body, and to put aerobic probiotics into the water body to establish a healthy “living water” ecosystem.