对智障人群的体育干预研究进展

Research Progress on Physical Intervention for People with Intellectual Disabilities

摘要: 智障是由于多种原因所致的永久性缺陷，因智力水平和社会适应性所限，其身体活动能力与认知水平都明显低于常人，如何改善其身体活动的参与能力、健康状况与社会适应能力是亟待解决的社会问题。通过查阅国内外大量文献发现，科学、合理的运动干预可以有效弥补智障人群的智力缺陷，提高他们的健康状况。目前，针对智障人群的运动干预手段多种多样，其中在身体发展的运动干预手段中最常用的是“三性”(协调性、灵敏性、柔韧性)运动干预、球类运动干预，而针对该群体认知发展的运动干预手段常用的主要是感觉统合干预，但不同学者对于不同的运动干预方式所取得的效果还有很大分歧。文章通过综述不同干预手段对智障人群的干预效果，为今后选择适合该群体的运动干预方法提供有效借鉴。

Abstract: Mental retardation is a permanent defect caused by many reasons. Due to the limitation of intelli-gence level and social adaptability, physical activity ability and cognitive level are significantly lower than ordinary people. How to improve the participation ability and health status of physical activity adapting to society is a social problem that needs to be solved urgently. Through a large number of literatures at home and abroad, it is found that scientific and reasonable exercise in-tervention can effectively compensate the mental defects of people with intellectual disabilities and improve their health. At present, there are many kinds of sports interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. Among them, the most commonly used in physical exercise interventions are “three-sex” (coordination, sensitivity, flexibility), exercise intervention, and ball exercise in-tervention. The sports interventions used in this group’s cognitive development are mainly sensory integration interventions, but different scholars have great differences on the effects of different exercise interventions. The article summarizes the intervention effects of different interventions on people with intellectual disabilities, and provides effective reference for the selection of exercise intervention methods suitable for this group in the future.