湖南乌龙山国家地质公园的种子植物多样性及特点

Diversity and Characteristics of the Seed Plants in Oolong Mountain National Geopark of Hunan Province

摘要: 充分了解植物资源本底对自然保护区或地质公园的科学保护和合理持续开发利用十分重要，然而迄今为止，我国很少对地质公园的植物多样性开展全面调查。地处湘、鄂、渝三省市交界地湖南省龙山县境内的乌龙山国家地质公园成立于2009年，是武陵山脉的重要组成部分和我国南方裸露型岩溶地区的典型代表，地理位置十分特殊，生境多样而特殊，植被良好，但植物种类构成和多样性未知。2012年~2015年间，通过对湘西北乌龙山国家地质公园的植物资源开展了系统调查，共采集标本约3000号，7000份。经系统鉴定发现，该地质公园共有野生种子植物144科572属1256种，其中裸子植物5科8属13种，被子植物139科564属1243种。在科、属不同的水平上对乌龙山国家地质公园种子植物区系特征进一步分析表明：园区内温带性种类略占优势，同时深受热带植物区系的影响，表现出温带、热带混杂，并由温带向热带过渡的趋势。此外，乌龙山国家地质公园具有一定的石灰岩特性，与本地的石灰岩区联系紧密；园区内珍稀濒危及国家重点保护植物比较丰富，共有59种，隶属于26科，44属；乌龙山国家地质公园的药用植物、观赏植物、油脂植物等野生资源植物丰富，很多种类具有良好的开发利用前景，但当前应注意加强保护，并提出了几点保护相关建议。

Abstract: Deep understanding constitution and diversity of the plants is very important for sustainable conservation and development of plant resources in a natural reserve or geopark. However, a systematic survey on plant diversity has been rarely done before for a geopark in China. Oolong Mountain National Geopark (OMNG) was established in 2009 and located in Longshan county of Hunan province, at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Chongqing. It is a key component of the Wuling Mountains and a typical representative of bare karst areas in southern China. OMNG has a special geographical location, diverse and unique habitats, and well-covered vegetations; however, the species constitution and plant diversity of this geopark remain unknown. Between 2012 and 2015, the systematic surveys were conducted by us on plant resources in OMNG, and in total, 7000 copies of 3000 collection number of plant specimens were obtained. Through identification by careful review on literature, specimens and images of living plants, it showed that OMNG had 1256 seed plant species (subspecies and varieties) from 572 genera in 144 families, of which, 13 species from 8 genera in 5 families were gymnosperms, and 1243 species from 564 genera in 139 families were angiosperms. A further analysis of characteristics at both family and genus levels indicated obviously temperate geographical features with rich tropical elements, and a trend of transition from the temperate to the tropical type. Furthermore, OMNG has distinct limestone floral characteristics, closely correlated with its limestone areas. The rich species of rare and endangered plants, and national key protected plants are found in the park, including 59 species from44 genera in 26 families. Also, the geopark is rich in the wild resource plants, such as medicinal plants, ornamentals, and oil plants, which have a big potential in future development and utilization, but strong attentions should be currently paid to protection based on the related suggestions. Several suggestions were proposed on plant conservation.