渐开线直齿轮机械功率损失和啮合效率预测

Meshing Efficiency and Mechanical Power Loss Prediction of Involute Spur Gear

摘要: 掌握齿轮啮合过程中发生的机械功率损失是实现齿轮传动高效率设计目标的前提，而其受齿轮啮合过程中的润滑特性影响较大。基于有限长线接触弹流润滑理论，建立了渐开线直齿轮的瞬态弹流润滑模型，分析了齿轮啮合点处的滑动/滚动速度、油膜压力、油膜厚度等润滑特性，进而建立了渐开线直齿轮的机械功率损失预测模型，研究了输入转矩、输入转速、压力角等关键参数对直齿轮啮合过程中发生的机械功率损失情况，预测了啮合效率的变化规律。仿真结果表明，本文建立的模型可以有效地揭示渐开线直齿轮啮合效率的产生机理，且发现在单齿啮合区的最大啮合效率水平普遍较高的情况下，啮合过程中的最小啮合效率的大小是决定平均啮合效率高低的关键因素，这对设计高效率渐开线直齿轮提供了有效的参考依据。

Abstract: Understanding the mechanism of mechanical power loss occurring during gear meshing is a pre-requisite for achieving high-efficiency design goals of gear transmission, and it is greatly affected by the lubrication characteristics during gear meshing. Based on the finite-line contact elastohy-drodynamic lubrication theory, a transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of involute spur gear is established. The lubrication characteristics such as sliding/rolling speed, oil film pressure and oil film thickness at the gear meshing point are analyzed, and then the mechanical power loss prediction model of the involute spur gear is established. The mechanical power loss occurs during the meshing process of the spur gear is studied by the key parameters such as input torque, input speed and pressure angle, and the variation of the meshing efficiency is predicted. The simulation results show that the model established in this paper can effectively reveal the mechanism of the meshing efficiency of the involute spur gear, and find that the minimum meshing efficie