“组学”在内生菌与植物互作研究中的应用

Application of “Omics” on the Study of Interaction between Endophyte and Plant

摘要: 近二十年来，内生菌在新资源发现，对植物生理、发育、代谢调控等方面的潜力备受关注，像植物“器官”一样成为植物研究中的重要组成部分。它在植物基因变迁、生理运作、代谢转化、生长发育、生态演替、环境适应等诸方面都扮演着极为重要的角色，成为当前深入认识物种互作的前沿领域。随着科学技术的发展和认识的深入，以分子化水平进行整体研究，是全面、客观、系统揭示物种互作研究的必然发展趋势。以基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和次生代谢组学等为主要代表的“组学”技术，获得迅猛发展，成为系统生物学研究手段的重要组成部分，推动了基因、转录、表达和代谢产物形成等各层次对内生菌–植物互作的全面认识。近年来，“宏–组学”和“多重–组学”的出现，并通过信息技术整合而发展起来的网络及模型，对于整体上认识和预测从基因到表观性状的物种互作机制，并在生物防控、植物育种、化学成分调控、物种进化、生物胁迫等方面获得许多新的认知。“组学”技术必将在植物尤其是经济作物的绿色高效、可持续的生产和发展中发挥更大优势。

Abstract: Endophytes attracted much attention in exploitation of novel products and regulation of host plant physiology, development and metabolism in recent twenty years, which have become an “organ” of host plant. Endophyte plays an important role in genetic change, physiological activity, metabolite transformation, development, ecological evolution and environmental adaption, which have developed a hot field in species-species interaction. With the development of bio-technology and natural understanding, it will become necessary to roundly, objectively and systematically uncover life and reveal plant-endophyte relationship based on the molecular level subtly. It has achieved striking development that the “omics” including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and secondary metabonomics had become important components of system biology, which had promoted further understanding of endophyte-plant interaction from the level of gene, transcript, expression and metabolite production. What’s more, the network models were applied with the arrival of “meta-omics” and “multi-omics” and the integration by information technology recently, which would provide help in prediction and understanding of species-species interaction from gene level to apparent characteristics. These technologies will help to further understand biological control and prevention, plant breeding, component regulation, bio-stress and so on, which surely will promote the production and development of cash crops with a green, efficient and sustainable way.