“活水”在水产养殖中应用研究

Study on the Application of Live Water in Aquaculture

摘要: 本文进一步考证了“活水”的由来，提升了“活水”的科学内涵，提炼了“活水”的交换、运送和净化等生态功能。总结了“活水”在水产养殖中六个方面的应用价值，包括：扩大养殖空间、延伸养殖时间、提高饲料效率、提升抗病能力、改善水产品风味与食用安全性和降低养殖风险等，进而提高养殖产量和产品质量安全，提升效益水平。提出了与“活水”相匹配的系统化养殖方法。包括：清除过多沉积淤泥，为制造“活水”打好基础；选择宽敞养殖水体，设计合理养殖结构；设计采用节能方法，制造廉价“活水”；借助微生物作用，提升生态系统“活性”；合理设置“活水”机械，防范养殖风险等应用“活水”提升养殖效益的系统方法。另外，还研究了采用“活水”养殖水产动物过程中应注意的七个问题。

Abstract: In this paper, the origin and scientific connotation of the concept of “living water” are verified and sublimated, and the ecological functions of “living water” such as exchange, transportation and purification are extracted. This paper summarizes the application value of “living water” in aqua-culture from six aspects: enlarging aquaculture space, prolonging aquaculture time, improving feed efficiency, improving disease resistance, improving flavor and safety of aquatic products, and reducing aquaculture risk. It can improve aquaculture yield, product quality and safety, and im-prove comprehensive benefits of aquaculture. A series of system operation methods matching the application of “living water” were put forward: removing excessive sludge to consolidate the foundation of “living water”; selecting spacious aquaculture waters to design reasonable biological structure; using energy-saving methods to produce low-cost “living water”; using beneficial mi-croorganisms to promote the “activity” of ecosystem; and rationally allocating “living water” man-ufacturing machinery to prevent feeding risks. In addition, this paper also studied seven issues that should be paid attention to aquaculture using “living water”.