火棘果实的营养成分及黄酮的抗氧化活性研究

Study on Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids in Pyracantha Fruit

摘要: 火棘果实因具有健脾降血脂、抗氧化和美白等多种生理功能而被广泛栽培和利用，但目前针对火棘果实的营养成分以及活性成分的研究甚少。该研究以栽培于湖北科技学院内的火棘为试验材料，测定了火棘果实中3种营养成分和3种活性物质的含量，并对火棘果实中总黄酮的提取工艺进行了优化，明确了火棘果实中总黄酮的抗氧化能力。结果表明，火棘果实不仅营养丰富，其中可溶性糖含量为149.40 mg/g，可溶性蛋白质含量为105.00 mg/g，维生素C的含量为0.32 mg/g；而且活性物质丰富，其中花青素含量为3.34 μg/g，多酚含量为11.88 mg/g，总黄酮含量为2.10 mg/g。总黄酮类物质提取的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度为70%，料液比为1:10 g/ml，提取时间为3 h，抗氧化活性强弱为：火棘果实总黄酮 + 维生素C/柠檬酸 > 火棘果实总黄酮 > 维生素C > 柠檬酸。这一结果将为火棘果实产品的开发和应用提供理论基础和实践基础。

Abstract: Pyracantha fruits have been widely cultivated and utilized for its physiological functions of invigorating spleen, lowering blood lipid, antioxidant and whitening. However, little research has been done on the nutritional and efficacy components of Pyracantha fruits. Therefore, the content of three kinds of nutrients and efficacy substances in Pyracantha fruit was harvested from trees growing in Hubei University of Science and Technology. Besides, the extraction technology of total flavonoids in Pyracantha fruit was optimized, and the antioxidant abilities of total flavonoids in Pyracantha fruit were determined. Our results showed that Pyracantha fruit was not only rich in nutrients: the soluble sugar content was 149.40 mg/g, the soluble protein content was 105.00 mg/g and the vitamin C content was 0.32 mg/g, but also with high concentration in efficacy substances: the content of anthocyanin was 3.34 μg/g, the polyphenol was 11.88 mg/g and the total flavonoid was 2.10 mg/g. What’s more, the optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids were as follows: the ethanol concentration was 70%, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:10 g/ml and the extraction time was 3 h. Finally, the antioxidant activity of substances was ordered as follows: total flavonoids of Pyracantha fruit + vitamin C/citric acid > total flavonoids of Pyracantha fruit > vitamin C > citric acid. This research will provide theoretical and practical basis for the development and application of Pyracantha fruit.