脑出血患者临床流行病学调查

Clinical Epidemiological Survey of Cerebral Hemorrhage Patients

摘要: 目的：探讨影响脑出血的相关因素、流行病学特点及其并发症。方法：在查阅了国内外康复医学的相关文献资料基础上，回顾性分析大连港医院自2016年1月1日至2018年12月31日收治的(康复科所有患脑卒中住院的患者，共计2644例，其中脑出血类型有785例，脑梗死类型有1859例，均已符合无免疫性缺陷等严重疾病的纳入和排除标准)脑梗死患者。结果：脑出血类型占脑卒中的30%；收入符合条件的脑出血患者785例，其中男性566例，占72.10%，女性219例，占27.90%。男女比例为2.5:1，由于男性工作压力以及抽烟喝酒等不良嗜好的影响，男性脑出血患者数量明显高于女性。不同年龄阶段脑出血情况中50~60岁，60~70岁占很大比例，分别占28.28%和26.37%；脑出血病因中高血压，糖尿病以及冠心病占较大比例，分别为71.85%，17.20%和4.84%。结论：脑出血中男性发病率明显高于女性，中老年患者比例较高；发病因素中高血压、糖尿病以及冠心病较为常见。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the related factors, epidemiological characteristics and complications of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: On the basis of reviewing the literatures of rehabilitation medicine at home and abroad, 2644 patients with stroke in Dalian Port Hospital from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, there were 785 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 1859 cases of cerebral infarction, all of which met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion of serious diseases such as immune deficiency. Results: The type of cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 30% of stroke; there were 785 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, in-cluding 566 males (72.10%) and 219 females (27.90%). The ratio of male to female was 2.5%. The number of male patients with cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher than that of female due to the influence of work stress and bad habits such as smoking and drinking. Among the cases of cerebral hemorrhage in different age stages, people aged 50~60 and 60~70 account for a large proportion, accounting for 28.28% and 26.37%, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease accounted for 71.85%, 17.20% and 4.84% of the causes of cerebral hemorrhage, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of cerebral hemorrhage in men is significantly higher than that in women, of which there is high proportion of middle-aged and elderly patients; hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease are common risk factors.