避寒旅游地——西双版纳傣族村民生态环境意识探析

Winter Resort Tourism Destination—Analysis on the Ecological Environment Awareness of the Dai Villagers in Xishuangbanna

摘要: 避寒旅游目的地——西双版纳，在生态文明建设和“生态立州”的背景下，耦合了优越的地理位置、稀缺的避寒气候资源、多样的生物资源和丰富的民族文化资源，为此，赋予了避寒旅游目的地新的使命。课题组于2016~2018年间对西双版纳的3个村委会9个傣族村寨进行了问卷调查与非结构式深度访谈，主要从环境意识的四个层次(知识、态度、评价、行为)入手，通过分析得出结果：第一，傣族村民环境知识的掌握程度、环境问题的关心程度、环境行为的自觉程度整体表现良好。第二，傣族村民的文化程度普遍偏低，但都敬畏自然，保护自然，崇拜自然。第三，对于垃圾焚烧这一问题，傣族村民从环境知识、环境态度和环境行为等方面表现较为欠缺，这与傣族村民有焚烧垃圾的传统习惯密不可分。探析傣族传统生态环境意识观可促进避寒旅游地保护及避寒旅游合理开发，对解决我国普遍存在的旅游目的地盲目与过度开发导致生态环境严重破坏、旅游业不可持续发展以及引起生态危机日益加剧等问题具有举足轻重的现实意义与理论指导意义。

Abstract: Xishuangbanna, a winter resort tourism destination, has coupled the superior geographical loca-tion, scarce cold-sheltered climate resources, diverse biological resources and rich ethnic cultural resources under the background of the construction of ecological civilization and “ecological state”, thus endowing the cold-sheltered tourism destination with a new mission. In 2016 - 2018, the research team conducted a questionnaire survey and non-structured in-depth interviews with 9 villages in Xishuangbanna’s three village committees, mainly from the four levels of environmental awareness (knowledge, attitude, evaluation, behavior). The results obtained show that: First, the degree of mastery of environmental knowledge of the Dai villagers, the degree of concern for environmental issues, and the degree of self-consciousness of environmental behavior have generally performed well. Second, the cultural level of the Dai villagers is generally low, but they all fear nature, protect nature, and worship nature. Thirdly, for the problem of waste incineration, the Dai villagers are lacking in environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes and environmental behaviors, which is inseparable from their traditional habit of burning garbage. Exploring the traditional concept of ecological environment awareness of the Dai people can promote the protection of winter resort tourism destinations and the rational development of cold-stricken tourism. It solves the problems of blind and over-exploitation of tourist destinations in China, which leads to serious damage to the ecological environment, unsustainable tourism development and increasing ecological crisis, which has important practical significance and theoretical guiding significance.