因子分析法在我国居民美好生活水平综合评价中的应用

Application of Factor Analysis Method in Comprehensive Evaluation of the Level of Chinese Residents’ Better Life

摘要: 美好生活基于高质量的居民生活水平。人民日益增长的对美好生活的需要重点体现在良好教育、就业、医疗、社会保障、居住条件等基础方面。现在自《中国统计年鉴——2016》采集到了2016年我国31个省市、自治区的居民生活水平状况的指标及数据，共有十个指标，分别为：职工人均工资、人均用水量、人均电力消费量、人均铁路营业里程、人均内河航道里程、人均公路里程、人均受教育经费、卫生技术人员配比、人均森林面积和人均消费支出。基于采集到的数据，本文先将数据标准化以消除量纲的影响，再应用因子分析法以提取出综合指标，最终建立了居民综合生活水平评价指标，分别为：生活保障水平、道路基建水平和城市能源水平。分析结果后，本文针对提升我国居民生活水平提出了相应建议：政府部门可以着重提高人均职工工资、人均受教育经费和卫生技术人员配比来提高生活保障水平得分；着重提高人均公路里程和人均森林面积来提高道路基建水平得分；着重提高水资源电力资源供应来提高城市能源水平得分。

Abstract: The good life is based on a high quality of living standard for its residents. People’s growing need for a better life is mainly reflected in good education, employment, medical care, social security and living conditions, etc. With data collected by “China Statistical Yearbook—2016”, here we have ten indicators that represent residents’ living standard of 31 provinces and municipalities throughout our country; they are the average worker wage, per capita water consumption, per capita electricity consumption, per capita railway mileage, per capita inland waterway mileage, per capita highway mileage, per capita educational funds, medical technical personnel, per capita area of afforested land and per capita consumer spending. Based on the collected data, firstly we standardized them to eliminate the influence of the dimension, and then use factor analysis to extract the comprehensive indexes which reflect comprehensive evaluation of residents’ living standards, they are: life safeguard, road infrastructure and urban energy. Suggestions of improving residents’ living standard can be concluded after results analysis: the government departments could work on increasing average worker wage, per capita educational funds and medical technical personnel to improve the level of life safeguard; work on increasing per capita highway mileage and per capita area of afforested land to improve the level of road infrastructure; work on improving water and electricity supply to improve the level of urban energy.