基于多元矩阵模型的童亭煤矿突水水源识别

Source Identification of Water Bursting in Tongting Coal Mine Based on Multivariate Matrix Model

摘要: 即便是在国家能源结构调整背景下，未来一定时期内，煤炭仍是我国主要能源之一，煤矿安全生产的任务依然艰巨。水害作为煤矿五大灾害之一，严重威胁煤矿安全生产，为了减少煤矿水害事故的发生，最重要的就是对其突水水源进行有效识别。本文以皖北矿区童亭煤矿四个含水层的Na⁺ + K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl−、SO^2-₄、HCO^-₃、TDS共7种常规水化学指标为基础，建立矿井突水水源识别的多元矩阵模型，并利用各离子组合来判定待测突水水样属于各含水层的可能性大小。以Na+ + K+、Mg2+、Ca2+为例，突水水样属于四含水的可能性为−0.2978、属于煤系的可能性为−0.0396、属于太灰的可能性为0.1101、属于奥灰水的可能性为0.8486，因此，该离子组合显示突水水样的来源是奥灰水。通过对其他各组离子的计算结果，同理可以判断其突水水源。结果显示，该矿井突水来源于煤系水的有0组，来源于太灰水的有2组，来源于四含的有4组，来源于奥灰的有29组，且各组平均值也显示为奥灰水。据此，可以认为突水水源为奥灰水。该模型原理简单，受到水样和指标数量限制较小，且具有较好的识别效果，对于皖北地区童亭煤矿的水源识别率可以达到82.86%，可以为矿区煤矿水害防治提供参考。

Abstract: Even in the context of the country’s energy structure adjustment, coal is still one of the major energy sources in China for a certain period of time. The task of coal mine safety production is still arduous. As one of the five disasters of coal mine, water disaster seriously threatens the production safety of coal mine. In order to reduce the occurrence of water disaster accidents in coal mines, the most important thing is to identify the source of water inrush effectively. Based on 7 kinds of conventional hydro-chemical indexes of Na⁺ + K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl−, SO^2-₄ , HCO^-₃ , and TDS from four aquifers of Tongting coal mine, a multivariate matrix model for identification of water inrush in mine is established and the possibility of the water inrush samples belonging to each aquifer can be determined by the combination of ions. Taking the combination of Na+ + K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ as an example, the possibility of water inrush belonging to fourth aquifer, coal bearing sandstone aquifer, Taiyuan formation limestone aquifer and Ordovician limestone is −0.2978, −0.0396, 0.1101, 0.8486 respectively. Therefore, the ion combination shows that the source of water inrush samples is Ordovician limestone water. Through the calculation results of other groups of ions, the source of water inrush can be judged similarly. The results show that there are 0 groups of water inrush from coal bearing sandstone, 2 groups from Taiyuan formation limestone aquifer, 4 groups from the fourth aquifer, 29 groups from Ordovician limestone aquifer, and the average value of each group is also shown as Ordovician limestone aquifer. Accordingly, it can be considered that the source of water inrush is Ordovician limestone aquifer water. Results show that the principle is simple, and less limited by water samples and the index number, and has good recognition effect, and water recognition rate can reach 82.86% in Tongting coal mine, which can provide a reference for prevention and control of water disasters in coal mine.