格陵兰冰盖质量变化的特征与机制初探
Analysis on the Characteristics of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Change and a Preliminary Study on Mechanism
摘要: 格陵兰冰盖(GrIS)作为全球气候的重要调控因素，冰盖融化的水不仅使全球海平面上升，还令北大西洋亚极地区域的海水变淡，从而减弱深层对流，进而减缓大西洋经向翻转环流，这将影响全球热盐环流，并改变全球热量分布。本文基于GRACE重力卫星数据、MAR区域模式数据、DMI天气站点数据和ERA全球再分析数据分析了GrIS质量变化在GRACE观测时期的时空特征；通过质量收支平衡以及表面能量平衡方法研究了控制GrIS质量变化的主要因素；并对GrIS质量变化的动力机制进行初步探讨。结果表明GrIS在2003~2012年质量加速损失，从2013年开始，质量损失趋于平缓，主要减缓的区域在GrIS东南部。2013年开始的GrIS减缓事件的原因是云量增多、反照率增强，净短波辐射减少进而夏季融化减少，这可能与夏季北大西洋涛动改变的气压场有关。
Abstract: Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is an important regulator of global climate. The melting water of the ice sheet not only increases the global sea level, but also weakens the deep convection in the North Atlantic Subpolar Region, thus slowing down the meridional reversal circulation of the Atlantic Ocean, which will affect the global thermohaline circulation and change the global heat distribution. Based on GRACE gravity satellite data, MAR regional model data, DMI weather station data and ERA global reanalysis data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of GrIS mass change during GRACE observation period are analyzed. The main factors that control GrIS mass change are studied by means of mass balance and surface energy balance method, and the dynamic mechanism of GrIS mass change is preliminarily discussed. The results show that the accelerated mass loss of GrIS in 2003-2012 has decelerated since 2013, and the main slowdown area is in the southeast of GrIS. The GrIS mitigation events started in 2013 were due to increased cloud cover, enhanced albedo, reduced net shortwave radiation and subsequent summer melting, which may be related to the sea level pressure of the summer North Atlantic Oscillation changes.
文章引用：阮若梅. 格陵兰冰盖质量变化的特征与机制初探[J]. 气候变化研究快报, 2019, 8(4): 473-483. https://doi.org/10.12677/CCRL.2019.84052

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