霸州近60年高温气候特征与气象条件

Climate Characteristics and Meteorological Conditions of High Temperature in Bazhou in Recent 60 Years

摘要: 利用1957~2018年霸州市气温、相对湿度、气压、风向风速等地面气象资料，应用数理统计、趋势分析等方法，对霸州市高温天气的气候特征和气象条件进行了深入分析，结果表明：1) 霸州市高温的年变化规律总体呈增加–减少–增加的趋势，年际分布不均匀，高值区出现在1962~1972年、1997~2002年、2017~2018年，低值区出现在1973~1996年。2) 高温天气5~9月均可出现，主要集中在6~7月，占比为84.1%。3) 高温具有连续性特征，62年共出现连续高温过程达108次，其中1997~2018年间连续出现次数和强度有增强趋势。4) 利于高温发生的气象条件是：前一日日平均气温≥24℃，日最高气温≥32℃，相对湿度40%~70%，地面风力≤3级，风向为偏西南风(SW)到南风(S)，日平均气压995~1010 hpa；尤其当日平均气温≥28℃，日最高气温≥34℃，相对湿度40%~50%，地面风力≤2级，偏西南(SW)到南(S)风向，日平均气压1000~1005 hpa，更加有利于次日高温天气的发生。5) 相比高温前一日，高温当日气象条件变化是：气温平均上升1.3℃；相对湿度平均下降4%；风速平均增大0.2 m/s，风向仍为西南(SW)到南(S)，但频率均增加2%左右；气压平均减小1.3 hpa。6) 降水不利于高温天气发生，但若高温日出现降水，则多出现在午后且多伴有雷暴。以上结论对本地高温预警提供参考思路。

Abstract: Using the surface meteorological data such as temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction and wind speed in Bazhou city from 1957 to 2018, the climatic characteristics and me-teorological conditions of high temperature weather in Bazhou city were analyzed in depth by means of mathematical statistics and trend analysis. The results show that: 1) The annual variation of high temperature in Bazhou city showed a general trend of increase-decrease-increase, with uneven interannual distribution. The high value appeared in 1962-1972, 1997-2002, 2017-2018, and the low value appeared in 1973-1996. 2) The high temperature weather can occur from May to September, mainly in June-July, accounting for 84.1%. 3) High temperature had the characteristics of continuous occurrence, and there have been 108 continuous high temperature processes in 62 years, among which the frequency and intensity of continuous occurrence increased from 1997 to 2018. 4) The meteorological conditions conducive to the occurrence of high temperature are as follows: the average daily temperature was ≥24˚C, the maximum daily temperature was ≥32˚C, the relative humidity was 40% - 70%, the surface wind force was ≤3 grades, the wind direction was from SW to S, and the average daily air pressure was 995 - 1010 hpa of the previous day; especially, the average daily temperature was ≥28˚C, the maximum daily temperature was ≥34˚C, the relative humidity was 40% - 50%, the surface wind force was ≤2 grades, and the wind direction from SW to S, the average daily air pressure was 1000 - 1005 hpa, which was more conducive to the occurrence of high temperature weather the next day. 5) Compared with the day before the high temperature, the changes of meteorological conditions on the high temperature day are as follows: the average temperature rises by 1.3˚C; the average relative humidity decreases by 4%; the average wind speed increases by 0.2 m/s, and the wind direction is still from SW to S, but the frequency increases by about 2%; the average air pressure decreases by 1.3 hpa. 6) Precipitation was not conducive to the occurrence of high temperature weather, but if precipitation occurred on high temperature days, it mostly occurred in the afternoon and was accompanied by thunderstorms. The above conclusions provide a reference for local high temperature early warning.