概述痛经患者的中医辨证分型及危险因素研究进展

A Summary of the Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome and Risk Factors in Patients with Dysmenorrhea

摘要: 痛经是妇科病的常见症，首见于《临证指南医案》：“痛经郁伤，气血滞”。本文概述痛经的中医证候分类研究进展，多见气血瘀滞、寒湿凝滞、肝郁湿热、气血亏虚、肝肾亏损五类证型；同时对痛经的危险因素，包括经期不良习惯、膳食因素、睡眠因素、遗传因素、内分泌因素、精神及神经因素及其他因素(包括初潮年龄、生活条件、体制因素)等对痛经的影响进行概括，指出多重因素影响着痛经的发生，针对不同的危险因素临床治疗亦有不同。

Abstract: Dysmenorrhea, also named menstrual pain, is a common symptom of gynecological diseases, which has first seen in the Medical Records of Clinical Guidelines: “Dysmenorrhea and depression, stagnation of Qi and blood”. This article mainly takes female college students as the object of ob-servation and primary dysmenorrhea as the object of study. Common primary dysmenorrhea in-cludes five types: Qi and blood stasis, cold and dampness stagnation, liver depression, dampness and heat, deficiency of Qi and blood, and deficiency of liver and kidney. In terms of the risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea among college students, the current analysis includes bad habits during menstruation, dietary factors, sleep factors, genetic factors, endocrine factors, mental and neuro-logical factors and other factors (including menarche age, living conditions, institutional factors) and so on. Multiple factors affect the occurrence of dysmenorrhea, and the treatment of subsequent dysmenorrhea will be very different.