社会工作视角下农村独生子女家庭养老问题探究——以山东省A村为例

Probe into the Old-Age Support of Rural Only-Child Families from the Perspective of Social Work—Taking Village A in Shandong Province as an Example

摘要: 上世纪70年代末，我国开始实施计划生育政策，一些农村地区的家庭积极响应国家政策号召，只生育一个孩子，为我国经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献。时至今日，政策之初，人口学家们提到的“人口老龄化”以及“养老保障”问题，也渐渐涌现，使得农村独生子女家庭成为一个特殊的弱势群体。本文通过与农村多子女家庭和都市独生子女家庭的对比，分析了农村独生子女家庭脆弱性及其在养老脆弱性方面的表现及需求。根据A村具体情况，运用社会工作专业知识和技术，提出了改变农村独生子女家庭养老脆弱性问题的策略，包括改变传统养老观念，挖掘案主自身优势与资源，构建社会支持网络，农村社区养老照料服务建设，鼓励搭伴养老。

Abstract: At the end of the 1970s, China began to implement the family planning policy. Some families in rural areas responded positively to the call of the national policy and had only one child, which made great contributions to China’s economic and social development. Today, at the beginning of the policy, the “population aging” and “old-age security” mentioned by demographers have gradu-ally emerged, making the rural one-child family a special vulnerable group. By comparing with the rural families with many children and the urban families with only one child, this paper analyzes the frangibility of the rural families with only one child and the frangibility of providing for the aged. According to the specific situation of village A, using the professional knowledge and technology of social work, this paper puts forward some strategies for changing the vulnerability of the rural one-child family in providing for the aged, including changing the traditional concept of providing for the aged, tapping the advantages and resources of the case owners themselves, constructing social support network and rural community care for the aged service, and encouraging the partner to provide for the aged.