海水淡化水纳入城市供水水质风险与评估方法综述

Review of Water Quality Risk and Assessment Methods of Desalinated Seawater Supply

摘要: 目前淡水资源短缺已成为制约我国经济社会发展的因素，海水淡化水作为非常规优质水源，纳入城市供水系统是刻不容缓、势在必行的。本文分析了我国海水淡化现状以及海水淡化水纳入供水系统水质风险，综述了供水系统水质风险评估方法，发现了我国海水淡化规模逐渐扩大，海水淡化技术逐渐成熟，但经过反渗透法处理的海水淡化水作为饮用水仍然存在矿物质不足、硬度低、氟化物过低、硼过量及清洗、消毒剂有残留、消毒副产物等健康风险，输配过程还存在管道腐蚀风险。为了保障饮水安全、方便海水淡化水供水系统的管理，应大力发展海水淡化技术，并做好海水淡化水纳入城市供水系统全过程水质风险评估，展望了海水淡化技术未来发展前景并对全过程风险评估提出了几点建议。

Abstract: At present, the shortage of freshwater resources has become a limitation of China's economic social development. As a non-conventional high-quality water source, it is urgent and imperative for desalinated seawater to be incorporated into the urban water supply system. This paper analyzes the status quo of seawater desalination in China and the risk of desalinated seawater into the water supply system, and reviews the water quality risk assessment methods of the water supply system. It is found that the scale of seawater desalination in China is gradually expanding, the desalination technology is gradually mature, but the desalinated seawater treated by reverse osmosis as drinking water still has the health risks such as insufficient minerals, low hardness, low fluoride, excessive boron, residual cleaning disinfectant, and disinfection by-products. Meanwhile, there is a risk of pipeline corrosion during the process of distribution. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water and facilitate the management of water supply system using desalinated water, the seawater desalination technology should be vigorously developed and do a good job in the whole-process water quality risk assessment of the urban water supply system using desalinated water. The future development prospect of seawater desalination technology and several suggestions for the whole-process risk assessment are proposed.