费县大青山省级自然保护区森林土壤大量养分空间分布特征研究

Research on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Forest Soil Mass Nutrients in Feixian Daqingshan Provincial Nature Reserve

摘要: 以山东省费县大青山省级自然保护区核心区内23个点位土壤样品(0~60 cm)为研究对象，依照土层发育深度，采集0~20 cm，20~40 cm及40~60 cm土壤样品，测定土壤容重、土壤孔隙特性、土壤pH值、有机碳、有效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量。结果表明：1) 土壤容重分布范围为1.06~1.69 g•cm⁻³；毛管孔隙度分布范围为26.7%~46.6%；非毛管孔隙度分布范围为1.21%~15.6%；总孔隙度分布范围为32.8%~52.2%。2) 土壤pH值分布范围在4.70~7.88；土壤有机碳含量分布范围为0.03~5.17 g•kg⁻¹；土壤铵态氮含量在9.00~15.7 mg•kg⁻¹之间；硝态氮含量在0.37~14.2 mg•kg⁻¹之间；有效磷含量分布范围为17.2~21.5 mg•kg⁻¹；速效钾含量分布范围为63.0~130 mg•kg⁻¹。主成分分析结果发现，随土层深度增加毛管孔隙度、速效钾、NO₃^--N含量呈增加趋势；土壤pH值越高土壤有效磷、NH₄⁺-N含量越低。费县大青山省级自然保护区阔叶林或针阔混交林下林下土壤有机碳含量较高，针叶林下土壤pH值较低，有效磷含量较高，土层深度增加速效钾、NO₃^--N含量增加。

Abstract: Taking the soil (0 - 60 cm) in Daqingshan nature reserve as the research object, soil samples were collected and tested. Results of soil physical and chemical properties showed that: 1) Soil bulk density ranged within 1.06 - 1.69 g•cm⁻³; Capillary porosity was 26.7% - 46.6%; Non-capillary porosity was 1.21% - 15.6%; Total porosity was 32.8% - 52.2%; 2) Soil pH was 4.70 - 7.88; Soil organic carbon content ranged from 0.03 - 5.17 g•kg⁻¹ soil. The ammonium nitrogen content in soil was 9.00 - 15.7 mg•kg⁻¹; The nitrate nitrogen content was 0.37 - 14.2 mg•kg⁻¹; The available phosphorus content was 17.2 - 21.5 mg•kg⁻¹; The content of available potassium ranged from 63.0 - 130 mg•kg⁻¹ soil. Results of principal component analysis showed that: Capillary porosity, soil available potassium and soil nitrate nitrogen were positively correlated with soil depth; Soil pH negatively correlated with soil resin-P and soil ammonium nitrogen concentration. Trough the study conclusion would be soil under broad-leaved forest and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest had much more soil organic carbon, soil under conifer forest had low soil pH and high soil resin-P, while soil available potassium and nitrate nitrogen would increase with soil depth.