青少年网络游戏成瘾行为的心理表征与干预策略：解释水平理论视角

Psychological Representation and Intervention Strategies for Adolescents’ Addiction to Net Games: From Construal Level Theory

摘要: 当下网络信息时代，玩网络游戏的人数日益剧增，一些游戏者，特别是青少年游戏者在游戏过程中往往过度参与，对网络游戏成瘾。以往针对游戏成瘾现象原因的探究，多是从个人特质、环境因素以及脑机制角度出发探讨游戏成瘾的原因及机制；而针对游戏成瘾者的治疗也多是从思想疏导和行为矫正方面进行逐步治疗改善。目前，尚未有研究探讨网络游戏成瘾过程中游戏者心理认知过程的变化，特别游戏过程中认知表征的改变。本文基于心理学领域“纯粹认知导向”的解释水平理论，结合以往游戏成瘾的相关实验研究，在国内外首次分析了游戏者从接触游戏到沉迷于游戏这一过程(沉浸式体验与化身认同两个维度)中个体解释水平由高到低的认知表征变化，提出通过适当的操纵游戏者心理距离的远近来干预游戏者对游戏的“沉浸式”体验的干预策略，以减缓游戏者的游戏成瘾现象，并提出解释水平理论应用于解释其他成瘾行为的角度和适用性。

Abstract: In the era of Internet information, the number of people playing online games is increasing rapidly. Some game players, especially teenagers, tend to over-participate in and become addicted to online games. From the perspective of personal characteristics, environmental factors and brain mechanisms, previous studies have explored the causes and mechanisms of game addiction. Thus, the treatment for game addicts was mostly from thought guidance and behavior modification. However, until now, the underline changes of psychological cognitive process of the gamers during the Internet game addiction remained unclear. Based on the construal level theory—“pure cognitive orientation” and the previous experimental researches of game addiction, this paper firstly discusses how the individual interpretation levels changed from high construal level to low construal level during the process of indulging in the game (immersive experience and incarnation identity). Moreover, this paper proposes an intervention strategy of “immersive” game experience by appropriately manipulating the psychological distance between players, and puts forward the perspective and applicability of applying construal level theory to interpret other addictive behaviors.