B类人格障碍倾向大学生的自尊异质性研究

An Examination of the Heterogeneity of Self-Esteem in College Students Who Have the Symptom of Cluster-B Personality Disorders

摘要: 目的: 探索B类各型人格障碍倾向大学生间及其与正常大学生自尊结构的差异，以及不同自尊结构对人格障碍症状的发展及维持的影响，以期探讨B类人格障碍倾向大学生病理心理机制特点，进而为临床心理干预提供新的角度。方法：采用人格障碍筛查问卷(PDQC-2)对3300名大学生进行人格障碍评估筛查，同时采用Rosen-berg自尊量表(RSES)、社会期望量表(MCSD)、不稳定自尊量表(ISES)、条件自尊量表(CSES)测量其各型自尊。结果：1) B类人格障碍倾向组的防御性自尊得分低于正常对照组的防御性自尊得分，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.001)，B类人格障碍倾向组的不稳定自尊得分和条件自尊得分高于正常对照组的不稳定自尊得分和条件自尊得分，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.001)；2) 表演型人格障碍倾向组的不稳定自尊量表和条件自尊量表的得分高于正常对照组，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.001)，表演型人格障碍倾向组的防御性自尊量表得分低于正常对照组的防御性自尊量表得分，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.01)；3) 冲动型人格障碍倾向组外显自尊量表得分低于正常对照组，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.001)；冲动型人格障碍倾向组不稳定自尊得分低于正常对照组，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)；冲动型人格障碍倾向组防御性自尊得分低于正常对照组，且其差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.001)；4) 各自尊变量对B类人格障碍倾向的回归分析，不稳定自尊、防御性自尊和条件自尊逐步进入回归方程，建立回归方程为：logit(p) = −2.842 + 0.216*不稳定自尊 + 0.046*条件自尊−0.056*防御性自尊；各自尊变量对表演型人格障碍倾向的回归分析，条件自尊和不稳定自尊进入回归方程，建立回归方程：logit(p) = −4.831 + 0.246*不稳定自尊 + 0.067*条件自尊；各自尊变量对冲动型人格障碍倾向的回归分析，外显自尊和防御性自尊进入回归方程，建立回归方程：logit(p) = 29.220 − 0.855*外显自尊－0.304*防御性。结论：1) 表演型人格障碍倾向大学生的自尊结构与正常大学生相比呈现高不稳定性、高条件性和低防御性自尊特点，而冲动型人格障碍倾向大学生的自尊结构呈现高不稳定性、低防御性和低外显自尊特点。2) B类人格障碍倾向组组内相比较，不稳定性和低防御性自尊是其共同特点，表演型人格障碍倾向大学生较冲动型人格障碍倾向大学生的外显自尊和条件自尊更高。3) B类人格障碍倾向大学生外显自尊受损，内隐自尊无明显改变。其外显自尊与内隐自尊的分离程度与正常大学生之间未呈现显著差异。4) 高不稳定性自尊和高条件性自尊是表演型人格障碍的突出自尊结构特点，低外显和低防御性自尊是冲动型人格障碍的自尊结构特点；自尊的高条件性、高不稳定性和低防御性是B类所有人格障碍倾向的危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the relationship between different forms of self-esteem, whether there are differences in students within Cluster-B personality disorders with normal students about self-esteem structure, and the effect of different structure on developing and maintaining perso-nality disorders symptoms. The present study hopes to provide empirical evidence for clinical intervention to students with personality disorders. Methods: PDQC-2 (Personality Disorders Questionnaire for CCMD-2-R) was administered to a sample which consisted of 3300 students to screen PDs (Personality Disorders), and the feature of self-esteem structure was examined by using RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), MCSD (Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale), CSES (Contingencies of Self-Esteem Scale), ISES (Instability of Self-Esteem Scale) and IAT (The Implicit Association Test). Conclusions: 1) Compared to normal students, HST showed a highly unstable, contingent and low defensive self-esteem, while there was highly unstable, low defensive and explicit self-esteem in IMP. 2) High unstable and low defensive self-esteem was a common characteristic in Cluster-B PDs, and HST had higher explicit and contingent self-esteem than IMP. 3) Explicit self-esteem of Cluster-B PDs was damaged and implicit self-esteem had no significant change. There was no significant difference between students with personality disorders and normal students about the separability of explicit and implicit self-esteem. 4) In a word, the high unstable self-esteem and contingence self-esteem were the prominent self-esteem structure of HST; the low explicit and defensive self-esteem was the prominent self-esteem structure of IMP; the high contingence self-esteem, high unstable self-esteem and low defensive self-esteem were the risk factors to all Cluster-B PDs.