产后规范化营养干预对产妇母乳喂养情况及新生儿生长发育的影响

Effects of Postpartum Standardized Nutrition Intervention on Maternal Breastfeeding and Neonatal Growth and Development

摘要: 目的：探讨产后规范化营养干预对产妇母乳喂养情况及新生儿生长发育的影响。方法：将2017年1月~2017年12月间收治的92对母婴采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组，每组各46对。对照组予以常规饮食指导，观察组在对照组基础上增加产后规范化营养干预。评估产后1 d、3 d、4 w时产妇泌乳量，比较两组产后母乳喂养情况、两组新生儿出生时、出生3月、6月后生理指标(身长、体重、头围)、两组新生儿运动能力(抬头、撑起上半身、独坐)。结果：① 产后1 d，两组产妇泌乳量对比，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；产后3 d、4 w，观察组产妇泌乳评分均高于对照组(P < 0.05)；② 两组人工喂养、母乳喂养率、混合喂养率对比，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；观察组纯母乳喂养率高于对照组(P < 0.05)；③ 出生后3月、6月时，两组身长、体重、头围均大于出生时(P < 0.05)，且随时间增长(P < 0.05)；观察组各时间点身长、体重、头围均高于对照组(P < 0.05）；④ 观察组抬头、撑起上半身、独坐出现时间点均短于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：产后规范化营养干预有利于产后产妇泌乳，对改善纯母乳喂养率、新生儿生长发育及运动能力均有积极作用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of postpartum standardized nutrition intervention on maternal breastfeeding and neonatal growth and development. Methods: 92 pairs of mothers and infants admitted between January 2017 and December 2017 were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 46 pairs in each group. Control group was given regular dietary guidance, and observation group was added with postpartum standardized nutrition intervention on the basis of control group. The lactation amount at 1 d, 3 d and 4 w after delivery was evaluated, and the postpartum breastfeeding status, and the physiolog-ical indicators (height, weight, head circumference) at birth and at 3 months and 6 months after birth and neonatal motor ability (head up, propping up the upper body, sitting alone) were com-pared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the lactation between the two groups at 1 d after delivery (P > 0.05). At 3 d and 4 w after delivery, the lactation scores in observation group were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the artificial feeding rate, breastfeeding rate and mixed feeding rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). The exclusive breastfeeding rate in observation group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). At 3 months and 6 months after birth, the height, weight and head circumference in the two groups were greater than those at birth (P < 0.05), and they were increased with time (P < 0.05). The height, body weight and head circumference in observation group were higher than those in control group at each time point (P < 0.05). The appearance times of head up, propping up the upper body and sitting alone in observation group were shorter than those in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Postpartum standardized nutrition intervention is beneficial to postpartum maternal lactation and has positive effects on improving the exclusive breastfeeding rate, neonatal growth and exercise and motor function.