长时记忆对言语工作记忆的影响

The Effects of Long-Term Memory on Verbal Working Memory

摘要: 记忆在我们的日常生活和其他心理活动中具有举足轻重的作用。长时记忆和工作记忆是记忆中的两个重要部分，但是研究者关于二者的关系一直争论不休，早期研究者认为两者是绝对分离的，并得到许多神经及实验心理学研究的支持。后来人们发现长时记忆和工作记忆任务可以激活共同的脑区，为此有人说工作记忆是长时记忆的一部分。研究发现工作记忆任务与长时记忆任务均可诱发前额区的激活，不过前额区存在不同的功能分区，工作记忆和情景记忆具有独立的执行功能区域。工作记忆和长时记忆在脑区的重合及分离能否表明：这两种记忆过程相互作用？如何相互作用等等，对于这些问题我们知之甚少。本论文主要采用手机键盘这种特殊的实验材料，采用延迟匹配范式和系列回忆范式，以大学生为被试，探讨长时记忆对工作记忆容量的影响。实验采用3 × 3 (手机模板数字固定、手机模板数字随机、无模板三种刺激呈现方式) × 呈现数目(4, 6, 8)。被试内设计考察了长时记忆对工作记忆容量的影响。结果发现当前工作记忆任务超出被试的工作记忆容量范围时，长时记忆会产生促进作用，而且长时记忆信息的提取需要100 ms~200 ms的时间。

Abstract: Memory plays an important role in our daily life and other mental activities. Long-term memory and working memory are the important parts of memory systems, but there always have been disputes on the relation between them. In the early years, people thought them as independent memory systems, and many studies from neuropsychology and behavior support this view. But some researchers said that the working memory is the activated part of long-term memory, be-cause they have the same functional area in cortex, and they all activated the prefrontal cortex. But there is also different functional area in prefrontal cortex. Whether can the overlap and separation of working memory and long-term memory in brain areas show that these two memory processes interact? How do they interact and so on？We know very little about these issues. This paper mainly uses mobile phone keyboard as a special experimental material; delay matching paradigm and serial recall paradigm were used; the subjects were college students; to investigate the effect of long-term memory on working memory capacity. In the experiment, 3 × 3 was used in the experiment (three kinds of stimulation presentation: mobile phone template number fixed, mobile phone template number random, no template) × the number of present (4, 6, 8). The effect of long-term memory on working memory capacity was investigated by inpatient design. The results showed that the current working memory task exceeded the working memory capacity of the subjects. Long-term memory can be a boost. Moreover, it takes 100 ms - 200 ms to extract long-term memory information.