乡土何以重建——再论费孝通乡土重建思想

How to Rebuild the Native Land—On Fei Xiaotong’s Thought of Local Reconstruction

摘要: 近代中国处于动荡的大变革时代，无论是经济结构、政治结构还是文化结构无一不经历剧烈变动，而在此基础上的乡村社会结构也不例外。在“废墟”上重建社会结构是仁人志士一直以来致力于思考和解决的问题，费孝通在其提出的“乡土中国”范式下，进一步提出了“乡土重建”的思考，延续前者论述思路。旨在将传统的结构配入20世纪40年代的环境里去看发生的种种问题，从文化、经济、政治的三大宏观角度探讨乡土重建的措施，将目光聚焦在自给自足小农经济中的农工结合模式。以此作为切入点，提出复兴乡土工业的设想，而这一设想也引起了当时学术界的诸多讨论。

Abstract: Modern China is in a period of turbulent and great transformation. No matter whether it is eco-nomic structure, political structure or cultural structure, it has undergone dramatic changes, and the local reconstruction based on this is no exception. Rebuilding the social structure on the “ruins” is a problem that the benevolent people have been working on for thinking and solving. Fei Xiaotong further proposed the “Local reconstruction” under his “native China” paradigm, and continued the discussion. The aim is to integrate the traditional structure into the environment of the 1940s to see the problems that have occurred, exploring the measures of rural reconstruction from the three macroscopic perspectives of culture, economy and politics, and focus on the agro-industrial mode in the self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy. Taking this as an entry point, he proposed the idea of reviving the local industry, and this idea also caused many discussions in the academic circles at that time.