11个品种的红花的重要性状与分子标记的聚类和关联性分析

Clustering and Correlation Analysis of Traits and Molecular Markers of 11 Cultivars of Saf-flower

摘要: 红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)作为重要的油料作物引种中国后，各地区的自然环境差异使得红花品系丰富多样，为红花重要农艺性状的品种选育和推广提供丰富的资源。然而，在早期红花引种改良的过程中，由于缺乏对红花的种植资源的保存和引种记录的记载，又因为红花性状的表现容易受环境因素的影响，因此为研究我国红花的遗传多样性造成了一定的阻力。EST-SSR (表达序列标签的微卫星标记)，因具有共显性和稳定性特征在资源的鉴定和分类中具有重要的应用价值。因此，本研究利用NCBI上的红花EST数据库下载的41,584条红花EST序列对红花的转录组进行拼装，进行SSR位点的鉴定后共计获得987个SSR位点。随机选择其中96对引物设计引物对11个品种的红花进行PCR扩增，共有35对引物能够扩增出多态性条带。同时，对该11个品种的红花进行了农艺性状统计、叶片形态学观察以及油用性状的测定。红花EST-SSR的聚类结果和农艺性状、叶片形态学性状以及种子的性状的聚类结果不完全一致，可能是由于红花的性状受环境影响较大、样本统计量的限制及分子标记的数目。未来，在红花形态学的研究上应选取更为稳定，数量更多的性状以及更丰富的分子标记作为遗传学分析的依据。本研究开发的EST-SSR为红花资源鉴定提供丰富的分子标记，农艺性状的考量为选育高品质的红花资源提供理论依据。

Abstract: After introduction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an important oil crop to China, the regional environment differences in various regions have made the safflower variety rich and diverse, providing abundant resources for the breeding and promotion of safflower variety with important agronomic traits. However, in the early process of introduction and improvement of safflower, due to the lack of preservation and introduction records of safflower planting resources, as the performance of safflower traits is easily affected by environmental factors, this has caused some resistance to the study of the genetic diversity of safflower in China. EST-SSR (microsatellite marker expressing sequence tags) has important application value in the identification and classification of resources due to its codominance and stability characteristics. Therefore, in this study, 41,584 safflower EST sequences downloaded from the safflower EST database on NCBI were used to assemble the transcriptome of safflower, and a total of 987 SSR loci were obtained after identification of SSR loci. 96 pairs of primers were randomly selected to PCR amplification of 11 varieties of safflower, and a total of 35 pairs of primers were able to amplify the polymorphic bands. The agronomic traits, leaf morphology observation and oil traits of the 11 varieties of safflower were measured. The clustering results of EST-SSR were not completely consistent with the agronomic traits, leaf morphological traits and seed traits. It may be due to the environmental influence on safflower traits, the limitation of sample statistic and molecular markers. In the future, in the study of safflower morphology, more stable, more numerous traits and more abundant molecular markers should be selected as the basis for genetic analysis. The EST-SSR developed in this study provides abundant molecular markers for the identification of safflower resources. The consideration of agronomic traits provides a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality safflower resources.